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S AK AKAWE A 

THE   BIRD-WOMAN 


A  Statue  by  Leonard  Crunelle,  Erected  on  the  State  Capitol  Grounds 

at  Bismarck,  North  Dakota,  by  the  Federation  of  Women's 

Clubs  and  the  Children  of  the  State 


THE  BOOK  OF 


A  T^u^mnt  nf  tlj^  '^ttxt\\-W^Bt 


WRITTEN  IN  COLLABORATION  BY  EIGHTEEN 
UNDERGRADUATE  MEMBERS  OF 


Jlmwrfittu  of  Jfortlj  Sakota 

Under  the  Direction  of 


PROFESSOR  FREDERICK  H.  KOCH 

of  the  Department  of  English 


First  Presented  at  the  Seventh  Annual  Meeting  of 

THE  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  HISTORICAL  ASSOCIATION 

And  on  the  Occasion  of  the  Dedication  of 
On  the  Campus  of 

©Iff  Intorattg  of  Nortl|  iakota 

GRAND  FORKS,  NORTH  DAKOTA 

MAY  26'^!29r>9?4  '•    *  *•    * 


Copyright  1914,  by 

FREDERICK   H.  KOCH 

All  Rights  Reserved 


■U40  03W*  riMH-H*««LO 


TO 
GEORGE  PIERCE  BAKER 

Professor  of  Dramatic  Literature  in 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 

Pioneer  in  the  University  Movement 

Towards  a  New  Drama 


336416 


•^V«v^W 


®tjf  Hf turtt  of  ttjf  Jpagf  ant 

There  seems  to  be  a  revival  of  pageantry  among  us.  Five 
hundred  years  ago — fully  two  centuries  before  William  Shakespeare 
was  bom — the  merchants  and  tradesmen  of  England  performed  on 
*'pageant"  stages  in  their  public  squares,  long  cycles  of  Miracle 
and  Mystery  plays.  And  on  the  Continent  too,  in  varying  forms, 
these  dramatic  representations  of  Bible  and  Saint  stories  were  widely 
popular.  Such  survivals  as  the  Passion  Plays  of  Ober-Ammergau 
in  Bavaria,  of  Selsach  in  Switzerland,  and  of  other  villages  so  re- 
mote as  to  be  hardly  known  to  the  outside  world,  suggest  how  in- 
timately the  religious  pageant  was  cherished  by  the  masses.  It  was 
indeed  the  open  theatre  of  the  people. 

The  first  years  of  the  present  century  mark  something  of  a 
return  of  this  popular  play-form.  The  people  have  reclaimed  the 
pageant.  Beginning  in  Sherborn,  England,  in  1905  it  has  not  been 
long  in  finding  its  way  to  New  England,  and  indeed  the  entire  dis- 
tance across  the  new  continent,  from  Yankee  Maine  to  cosmopolitan 
California.  An  organization  has  been  formed  to  conserve  the  idea, 
and  the  movement  seems  to  be  growing  by  leaps  and  bounds.  A 
bulletin  issued  by  the  American  Pageant  Association  announces,  for 
the  year  1913,  a  list  of  forty-six  pageants,  festivals  and  masks,  pre- 
sented in  fifteen  different  states.  This  month  the  city  of  St.  Louis 
will  present  on  the  forested  stage  of  its  hillside  theatre  "a  gigantic 
pageant,"  re-enacting  the  romance  of  its  history  and  forecasting  its 
future  in  poetic  allegory.  One  hundred  and  twenty-five  thousand 
dollars  has  been  given  by  popular  subscription  to  finance  the  enter- 
prise, experts  have  been  enlisted  in  all  depratments  of  the  work, 
seven  thousand  five  hundred  St.  Louisans  will  be  the  actors,  and  an 
audience  of  sixty  thousand  spectators  will  gather  to  participate  in 
the  most  pretentious  drama  ever  staged  by  a  community.  Such  is 
the  spirit  and  the  scope  of  the  new  pageant  movement, — a  form  of 
vast  proportions,  a  wider  conception  of  the  out-of-doors  drama  than 


any  yet  evolved.  What  is  its  meaning?  Is  it  only  a  passing  show, 
or  is  it  pointing  the  way  towards  a  greater  democracy  in  the  drama? 

The  new  pageantry  is  first  and  last  of  the  people.  The  com- 
munity furnishes  at  once  its  theme,  its  actors,  its  audience.  For 
this  reason  it  would  seem  peculiarly  adapted  to  give  to  the  people 
an  adequate  outlet  for  their  constant  desire  to  express  in  dramatic 
form  their  native,  though  too  often  arrested,  sense  of  beauty.  The 
dramatic  seems  to  be  the  dominant  art-impulse  in  the  masses,  and 
in  this  its  latest  phase,  it  is  made  to  include  all  the  other  fine  arts — 
poetry,  music,  dancing,  coloring,  modeling,  building — in  a  compre- 
hensive, communal  drama.  It  becomes  indeed  a  patriotic  embodi- 
ment of  the  life  story  of  the  people,  recreating  their  romantic  yes- 
terdays, interpreting  their  own  stirring  day,  imaging  forth  their 
dreams  of  yet  fairer  tomorrows.  If  this  new  art  can  stir  the  imagi- 
nation of  the  people  to  do  such  things  for  themselves,  surely  co- 
op)erative  liberty  should  flower  ere  long  in  a  fairer  state  than  any 
we  have  yet  known,  into  something  of  lasting  beauty. 

A  peerless  Shakespeare  came  only  after  the  continuing  efforts 
of  many  generations  of  folk-players,  after  slow  years  of  experi- 
mentation in  which  every  English  tradesman  had  a  part.  England 
as  a  nation  of  amateur  actors  prepared  the  way  for  him,  made  him 
possible.  Perhaps  now  in  their  enthusiastic  revival  of  this  favorite 
form  the  people  are  preparing  for  another, — this  time  for  the  Great 
One  foretold  by  Ibsen  in  one  of  his  last  plays:  "Some  one  is  coming 
after  me  who  will  do  it  better      .       .  Only  wait — you  may 

be  sure  he  will  come,  and  let  us  hear  of  him.'*  Perhaps  the  peo- 
ple's pageant  of  today  is  making  ready  for  the  coming  of  another 
Shakespeare — this  time,   one   to  interpret   the  American  Age. 

F.  H.  K. 

Grand  Forks,  North  Dakota 
May.    1914. 


THE  DEDICATION  OF 

OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  NORTH  DAKOTA 
MAY  28,  1914 

For  the  Sock  and  Buskin  Society ....  Professor  Frederick  H.  Koch 
For  the  University President  Frank  L.  McVey 


Original  Plan  of  the  Bankside  Theatre 


The  Bankside  Theatre  is  an  out-of-door  theatre  constructed 
on  the  sloping  banks  of  the  English  Coulee  on  the  campus  of  the 
University  of  North  Dakota,  w^here  in  years  long  past  the  Indians 
met  the  English  fur-traders  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 


A  f  ageant  of  t^^  Nnrti^-H^st 

In  making  "A  Pageant  of  the  North-West,"  the  Sock  and 
Buskin  Society  undertook  a  task  which  seemed  at  the  first  impos- 
sible, but  the  untiring  effort  of  all  the  co-partners  in  the  work  has 
made  it  now  a  reality. 

The  text  of  the  pageant  was  written  by  eighteen  undergrad- 
uate students  in  collaboration.  It  is  in  four  parts,  each  part  pre- 
pared by  a  group  of  four.  One  student  wrote  the  prologue,  the 
epilogue,  and  the  interludes,  while  the  music  for  the  lyrics  was  com- 
posed by  another. 

The  interludes  were  designed  to  suggest  the  spirit  and  form 
of  the  old  ballad,  and  to  indicate  the  mood  of  the  scenes  they  in- 
troduce. The  leading  parts  are  chanted  by  the  Spirit  of  Prophecy, 
the  refrains  by  a  chorus  of  Attending  Spirits  who  dance  an  har- 
monious accompaniment. 

In  all  essentials  the  historical  facts  have  been  strictly  followed; 
in  many  cases  the  speeches  have  been  retained  in  their  original  form. 
Native  Indian  music,  recorded  by  Mr.  Harold  A.  Loring,  collector 
of  songs  and  folk-lore  of  the  American  Indians  for  the  United 
States  government,  has  been  introduced;  and  a  group  of  full-blooded 
Chippewas  with  their  costumes,  trappings  and  instruments  have  been 
brought  from  the  Turtle  Mountain  Reservation  to  take  speaking  parts 
in  the  scene,  and  so  lend  reality  to  the  pageant. 

The  story  of  the  pageant  is  in  four  parts,  The  first  three  parts 
relate  the  remarkable  adventures  and  achievements  of  three  heroic 
Frenchmen — Radisson,  LaSalle,  and  Verendrye — whose  vision  of  a 
western  empire  impelled  them  to  win  for  the  flag  of  France  all  the 
wide  wilderness  of  the  great  North-West.  First  came  the  resource- 
ful Radisson,  preparing  the  way  for  the  organization  of  the  historic 
Hudson's  Bay  Company,  in  1670;  then,  the  gallnnt  LaSalle,  striv- 
ing to  unite  the  warring  tribes  of  the  upper  Mississippi  Valley  into 


a  confederacy  able  to  repel  invasion,  and  protect  the  fur-traders 
who  were  to  follow  him;  next,  the  far-sighted  Verendrye,  the  first 
white  man  to  follow  the  northern  course  of  the  Missouri  River  in 
the  prairie  country  of  what  is  now  the  Commonwealth  of  North 
Dakota.  The  fourth  part,  presenting  the  famous  expedition  of  two 
intrepid  Americans,  Captains  Lewis  and  Clark,  marks  the  final  con- 
quest for  the  United  States  of  all  the  country  westward  to  the 
Great  Sea.  At.  their  first  winter  camp.  Fort  Mandan,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  near  the  present  site  of  Stanton,  North  Dakota, 
they  found  Sakakawea,  the  Bird- Woman,  whose  kindly  leadership 
guided  them  safely  over  the  dangerous  mountain  ranges  to  the 
sheltered  valleys  by  the  Western  Sea. 

Such  is  the  story  of  **A  Pageant  of  the  North- West."  It 
seems  fitting  to  conclude  it  with  the  figure  of  Sakakawea,  an  em- 
bodiment of  the  undaunted  will,  and  the  friendliness  of  the  homes 
of  our  great  North- West. 

In  its  communal  authorship  **A  Pageant  of  the  North- West** 
is  perhaps  without  a  precedent  in  modem  pageant-making.  The 
work,  though  long  and  hard, — for  the  writers  were  more  than  nine 
months  in  collecting  the  historical  data  and  converting  them  into 
pageant  form — has  been  altogether  refreshing,  recalling  the  very 
beginnings  of  literature  in  **those  happy  days,**  as  Herder  calls 
them,  when  literature  "lived  in  the  ears  of  the  people,  on  the  lips, 
and  in  the  harps  of  living  bards.** 

F.  H.  K. 


Qtll^  Pageant  ^mttwn 

Master  of  the  Pageant 
Professor  Frederick  H.  Koch 

Director  of  Historical  Materials 
Professor  O.  G.  Libby 

Director  of  the  Music 
Professor  William  W.  Norton 

Director  of  the  Dancing 
Miss  M.  Esther  Pike 

Director  of  the  Costuming 
Miss  Flora  E.  Balch 

Director  of  Properties  and  Settings 
Mr.  John  Adams  Taylor 

Directors  of  the  Stage 

Miss  Nella  Kingsbury  and 
Mrs.  Christine  Nielson  Myrben 


Executive  and  Finance  Committee 

Mr.  J.   W.  Wilkerson 
Professor  W.  G.  Bek 
Mr.  Harry  E.  South 

Construction  Committee 

Professor  A.  J.   Becker 
Professor  E.  F.  Chandler 
Professor   E.   B.   Stephenson 
Professor  R.  T.  Young 
Mr.  C.  A.  Thompson 
Mr.  Floyd  J.  Stevens 
Mr.  F.  H.  Bacon 

Publicity  Committee 

Mr.   George   E.   Schlafer 
Professor  W.  W.  Norton 
Mr.  J.  J.  Pettijohn 
Mr.  George  A.  Benson 
Mr.  C.  W.  Graves 
Mr.  Harry  E.  South 

Arrangements  Committee 

Professor  R.  R.  Hitchcock 
Professor  George  P.  Jackson 
Professor  H.  E.  Simpson 
Mr.  Thomas  Whelan 

Properties  and  Stage  Committee 

Mr.    John   Adams   Taylor 
Mr.  Henry  A.  Doak 
Mr.  E.  C.  Griess 
Mr.  T.  T.  Lindsey 
Miss  Almira  Jewett 
Miss   Hildegarde  Fried 

Book  Committee 

Miss  Ethel  E.   Halcrow 
Mr.  Henry  A.  Doak 
Mr.  William  Whitford 


The  First  Part 

Miss  Johanna  Londergan 
Miss  Inga  Leine 
Miss  Eva  Murphy 
Mr.  Morrill  Cook 

The  Second  Part 

Mr.  Harry  E.  South 
Miss  Anne  Bowman 
Miss  Majel  Chase 
Miss  Ethel  E.  Halcrow 

The  Third  Part 
Miss  Vera  Kelsey 
Miss  Catherine  Hixon 
Miss  Margaret  Kolars 
Mr.  Thomas  Whelan 

The  Fourth  Part 

Miss  Margaret  Plank 
Miss  Merle  Rutherford 
Miss  Emma  Severson 
Miss  Mabel  Hanson 
Mr.  William  Whitford 

The  Lyrics 
Mr.  Cecil  McKay 

The  Music 
Miss  Margaret  Plank 


The  Herald George  P.  Jackson 

The  Spirit  of  Prophecy Cecil  McKay 

Attending  Spirits   Anne  Poupore, 

Inga  Leine,  Esther  Halgren,  Eva  Poupore,  Eva  Rorke, 
Florence  Gallup,  Agnes  Moe,  Irene  Cox,  Else  Rohde, 
Frances  Collins,  Jennie  Gale,  Stella  Hoskins. 

Radisson    Harrison   Brown 

Lord  Mayor Joseph  Koucky 

Duke  of  York Alvin  Stomner 

Prince  Rupert  Wesley  Johnston 

Ship  Owner   Porter  Talcott 

Sea  Captain   John  Graham 

First  Merchant  .  .  .> Lester  Smith 

Second  Merchant Albert  Lindstrom 

Third  Merchant   Orval  McHaffie 

Fourth  Merchant Vernon  McCutchan 

Tom  Smith Morrill  Cook 

First  Nobleman John  Boeing 

Second  Nobleman Paul  Matthews 

Third  Nobleman  Mack  Traynor 

Fourth  Nobleman   George  Perrott 

Butcher Herbert  Metzger 

Baker Lloyd  ReiUy 

Blacksmith   Wilbur  Lycan 

Butchers*   Gild    Claude  Mclver, 

Edwin  Blenkner,  Ralph  Roy. 


Sllyf  ^xtBt  l^wctt  l&SLhiBBun  (rontttturS) 

Bakers'  Gild  Amon  Flaten, 

W.  Beard,  Walter  Tostevin,  Sherman  Pinkham. 

Blacksmiths'  Gild Henry  Murphy, 

George  Fingarson,  W.  Lycan,  John  Moore. 

Butchers'  Wives  and  Sweethearts Katherine  Allen, 

Bella  Reid,  Ruth  Carroll,  Bertha  Brainard  Myrtle  Halvor- 
son. 

Bakers'  Wives  and  Sweethearts Johanna  Londergan 

Ella  Flynn,  Olga  Serumgard,  Elsie  Dahl,  Evelyn  Hilleboe. 

Blacksmiths'  Wives   Ella  Thompson, 

Amy  Gronna,  Maud  Woods,  Marion  Hoover,  Inez  Wil- 
liams. 

Merchants'  Wives  Margaret  Plank, 

Eva  Murphy,  Mabel  Hanson,  Alma  Johnson,  Avice 
Wright. 

The  Morris  Dancers:  Men Richard  Thexton. 

Don  Payne,  Robert  Lowe,  William  Ellison,  Carroll  John- 
son, Henry  Roquette,  John  Jennison,  Roland  King,  Frank 
Talcott,  Louis  Tellner,  Laurence  Thomas,  Joe  Snov^field. 

The  Morris  Dancers:  Women Margaret  Geister, 

Ethel  Gemmel,  Annie  Miller,  Elsie  Mills,  Mabel  Martin, 
Mildred  Noltimier,  Florence  Fried,  Mabel  Laxdahl,  Myrtle 
White,  Edith  Hagert,  Katheryn  Robbins,  Edith  YoungLerg. 

The  Country  Dancers — The  members    of    the    various    gilds, 
their  wives,  and  their  sweethearts. 

LaSalle Harry  E.  South 

TONTY Arthur  Shaft 

Friar  Douay Hume  Bacon 

L'ArcheveqUE Henry  Schwam 

DUHAUT Cuyler  Anderson 


El^t  f^ttanh  ?art:  Ha  BniU  (tcntXnnth) 

HiENS    Vine  Lord 

Teissier Horace  Webster 

Surgeon  LiotOT Lawrence  Feetham 

Pauguk    Joseph    Forster 

Ka-gi-ge-GI-ZHIG LaRue  Shaw 

Wa-BI-ke-KEK  .  . John  Harris 

Pe-MI-kaw-WED    Seymour  Anderson 

Ke-BI-CUM-IG-ISH-KUNK Sherman  Schlosser 

Indian  Guide    Don  Payne 

Illinois  Warriors   Raymond  Murray, 

Thomas  Hesketh,  John  Hesketh,  Theodore  Roy,  Harris 
Robinson,  Lyal  Merry,  Earl  Whitney,  Bert  Whitney. 

Miami  Warriors    Robert   Mansfield 

Ernest  Hancock,  William  Leenhouts,  Lewis  Casmey,  Ivin 
Harris,   Ernest  Coon. 

Shawanoe  Warriors   M.  H.  Bieseker, 

Herbert  Miller,  Charles  Nollman,  A.  G.  Hanson,  A.  J. 
Whitcomb,  Frank  Milloy,  Richard  Brooke,  W.  L.  Johns, 
Monta  Perry. 

Other  Warriors   Fred  Wardwell 

Alonzo  Grace,  John  Jennison. 

Illinois  Squaws  Inez  Moore, 

Hortense  Moore,  Grace  Hilleboe,  Mary  Goldberg,  Frances 
Cathro,  Hildegarde  Fried,  Vera  Bollinger,  Frances  DuBois. 

Illinois  Maidens    Vera  Markell, 

Edna  Rasmussen,  Lila  Burgett,  Majel  Chase,  Inez  Serum- 
gard,  Bemice  Budge,  Anne  Bowman,  Anna  Nestos,  Ger- 
trude Egermayer,  Edith  Fisher,  Gladys  Humphrey,  Anne 
Miller. 

Illinois  Children   Edna  Salt, 

Katherine  Thian,  Charlotte  Maltman,  Frank  McVey,  Vir- 
ginia McVey,  Janette  McVey,  Margaret  Libby,  Frances 
Pettijohn,  Margaret  Gillette,  Frances  Jackson,  William 
Pettijohn. 


Verendrye Randall  Larson 

Pierre    Howard  Houston 

Henry Thomas  Whelan 

Charles   Porter  Talcott 

Father  Degonnor  Alvin  Stomner 

Doctor Wesley  Johnston 

Mrs.  Mowbray Margaret  Kolars 

OcHAGACH Lyall  Merry 

Indian  Guide Fred  Gutknecht 

Trappers  and  Traders   Arthur  Shaft, 

George  McClintock,  Fred  Mann,  Elder  Lium,  Harry  Fitch. 

Merchants Orval  McHaffie, 

Vernon  McCutchan,  Lester  Smith,  Edgar  Gustafson. 

Artisans   Henry    Murphy, 

George  Fingarson,  Claude  Mclver,  Amon  Flaten. 

Fruit  Seller  Joe  Snowfield 

Confetti  Sellers   Richard  Thexton, 

Don  Payne, 

Peddlers  of  Horns  Louis  Tellner, 

Laurence  Thomas. 

MasQUERADERS    Morrill   Cook, 

Robert  Lowe,   Carroll  Johnson,  William   Ellison,    Roland 
King,    Frank   Talcott. 

Frenchwomen    Gladys  Hanawalt 

Alice  Hunter,  Hannah  Thompson. 

Queen  of  the  Carnival   Grace  Loughlin 

Dais  Bearers Hume  Bacon, 

Sylvan  Lyksett,  Albin  Eiland,  Wilbur  Lycan,  John  Muir, 
Ray  Nollman,  Victor  Gies,  Martien  Cook. 

Flower  Girls   Grace  Kolars, 

Genevieve   O'Keefe,   Florence   Brett,   Helen  Alexander. 


Flower  Dancers 

Sweet  Peas Vaughn  Miller. 

Kate  Cowan,  Elaine  Baldwin,  Evelyn  Bumam. 
Lilies    Ruth  Soule. 

Jessie  Grassick,  Lois  Tombs,  Ruth  Smith. 
Pansies Louise  Duggan, 

Maude  Martin,  Hazel  Ladd,  lone  Beardsley. 
Daisies Frances  Londergan 

Gertrude  Healy,   Martha  Barnes,  Winnifred  Nelson. 
Children   Phyllis  Perrott, 

Mabel   Perrott,  Jessie  Simpson,   Robert  Simpson,   Kenneth 

Becker,  Marjorie  Wilkerson,  Helen  Brush,  Elizabeth  Brush. 

®Jjr  3F0ttrtl|  Part:  H^foiB  unh  Ollark 

Captain  Lewis Lawrence  Feetham 

Captain  Clark  Hume  Bacon 

CharbonneaU    William    Boyce 

Black  Cat   John  Hairis 

Black  Moccasin   LaRue  Shaw 

Sheheka Seymour    Anderson 

LaRoche Arthur  Shaft 

McCracken    George  McClintock 

Jessuame    Clayborn  Angle 

SAKAKAWEA ETHEL  HALCROW 

Sergeant  Ordway    Ralph  Roy 

Sergeant  Prior   Fred  Taylor 

Sergeant  Gass    Wallace   Patterson 

Private  Colter  Albert  Sheets 

Private  Frazer Elwood  Patterson 

Private  Fields Frank  Burns 

Private  Hall  Elder  Lium 

Private  Windsor   Fred  Mann 


QFI|?  l^atxttl:^  5P^:  Hernia  anb  ©lark  (r0tttitutrb) 

Henderson    Albin  Eiland 

Haney   Harry  Fitch 

York,   a  negro Jack   Johnson 

Lighting  Crow Fred  DuBois 

Eagle's  Feather   Henry  Schwam 

Little  Raven Earl  Frankhn 

Black  Buffalo  LaRoy  Burdick 

Horned  Weasel Rudolph  Poelke 

Seeing  Snake  William  Wyard 

Indian  Youths Howard  Plank 

James  Cosgriff. 

Mandan  Warriors Raymond  Murray, 

Thomas  Hesketh,  John  Hesketh,  Theodore  Roy,  Harris 
Robinson,  Lyall  Merry,  Earl  Whitney,  Bert  Whitney, 
Ernest  Coon,  Ernest  Hancock,  Robert  Mansfield,  William 
Leenhouts,  Lewis  Casmey,  Ivin  Harris,  M.  H.  Bieseker, 
Herbert  Miller,  Charles  Nollman,  A.  G.  Hanson,  A.  J. 
Whitcomb,  Frank  Milloy,  Richard  Brooke,  W.  L.  Johns, 
Monta  Perry,  Alonzo  Grace,  Fred  Wardwell. 

Indian  Squaws  and  Maidens Hortense  Moore, 

Grace  Hilleboe,  Mary  Goldberg,  Frances  Cathro,  Inez 
Moore,  Hildegarde  Fried,  Vera  Bollinger,  Frances  DuBois, 
Anne  Bowman,  Vera  Markell,  Edna  Rasmussen,  Anna 
Nestos,  Lila  Burgett,  Gertrude  Egermayer,  Majel  Chase, 
Edith  Fisher,  Inez  Serumgard,  Gladys  Humphrey,  Bernice 
Budge,  Anne  Miller. 

Indian  Children  Edna  Salt. 

Charlotte  Maltman,  Katherine  Thian,  Margaret  Libby, 
Frank  McVey,  Virginia  McVey,  Janette  McVey,  Francis 
Pettijohn,  Margaret  Gillette. 

A  group  of  full-blooded  Indians  of  the  Chippewa  tribe  from 
the  Turtle  Mountain  Reservation  will  take  part  in  the  Indian  scenes. 

Prompter    Miss  Merle  Rutherford 


A  Pageant  of  tljp  Nortlr-llpat 


The  Pageant  is  announced  by  three  trumpet  calls  of  the  Herald, 

The  Spirit  of  Prophecy. 

A  stalrvart  old  man  in  gray  robe,  bearing  in  his  hand  his  prophet* s 

staff. 

We  beg  you,  gentle  auditors,  bear  with  us  patiently. 

While  we  present  before  you  on  this  stage 

Scenes  quite  forgotten,  though  the  time  is  short. 

Lives  these  great  heroes  lived  and  dared — the  dangers 

Of  portage  and  prairie.     The  watchful  savage. 

Fearing  lest  they  should  drive  him  from  his  home. 

Opposed  their  progress  and  proved  a  formidable  enemy. 

What  paltry  stage,  we  pray,  can  picture  to  you 

The  mighty  hardships  which  these  men  endured. 

But  on  this  turf,  under  the  open  sky. 

Here  in  this  natural  theatre,  which  we  have  named 

Bankside,  in  memory  of  Shakespeare,  our  eternal  bard. 

Behold  bold  Radisson,  newly  arrived  in  London, 

Reciting  to  the  eager  merchants  there  I 

Tales  of  adventure  in  that  distant  land 

Far  to  the  north  of  those  small  English  settlements 

Scattered  along  the  great  Atlantic's  shore. 

Behold  La  Salle,  forming  a  friendly  bond 

At  Starved  Rock  with  the  Illinois, 

Attempting  to  unite  for  strong  defense  i 

That  nation  with  the  jealous  neighboring  tribes. 

Verendrye  we  will  next  present  to  you. 


Striving  to  reach  the  distant  Western  Sea, 

Wandering  on  through  many  tedious  years. 

Till  weary  with  his  failure,  he  turns  back 

To  die;  yet  still  undaunted  his  three  sons 

Press  on,  determined  to  complete  the  task. 

They  also  fail  to  reach  the  goal,  and  die. 

Next  shall  you  see  Lewis  and  Clark,  two  men 

Who  owe  their  exploration's  great  success 

To  the   Bird- Woman,   Sakakawea. 

She  guided  safely  over  peak  and  plain 

Until  the  broad  Pacific's  shore  was  reached. 

Let  the  events  which  we  will  picture  here. 

Fill  you  with  pride  for  this  our  native  state. 

Whose  soil  the  feet  of  these  brave  men  once  pressed. 


SabtBann 


"That  intrepid  French  explorer  and  trader  whose 
career  bears  nothing  in  it  so  worthy  of  his  daring  and 
of  his  resourcefulness  as  the  part  he  took  in  the 
founding  of  the  Hudson 's  Bay  Company. 

— Lihby. 


The  Formation  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  1667. 
Scene;    London,  The  Gild  Hall. 

The  Gild  Hall,  garlanded  in  festive  colors,  awaits  the  coming 
of  the  merchants  and  tradesmen  of  London-town,  for  to-day  they 
hold  high  holiday  and  make  great  revelling.  Shouts  are  heard 
from  the  crowd,  off-stage — "Here  they  come!  They  come."  "The 
Gild  Parade!"  Trumpets  sound  far  down  the  street.  The  pro- 
cession approaches,  with  ever  increased  enthusiasm  from  the  crowd. 

Morris  players,  with  their  quaint  costumes  and  dances,  enter 
the  Hall,  leading  the  procession.  Then,  preceded  by  two  courtly 
torchbearers,  comes  the  Mayor,  strutting  proudly  along,  and  ac- 
knowledging with  great  dignity  the  cheers  of  the  crowd.  Next 
are  the  merchants,  marching  haughtily  along  with  their  wives,  and 
carrying  a  huge  purple  banner  with  the  inscription,  "Merchant  Gild 
of  London,"  in  large  gold  letters.  Then  come  the  bakers,  dressed 
in  white  jackets,  caps,  and  trousers,  carrying  a  great  loaf  of  bread, 
waving  to  their  friends,  and  dancing  along  with  their  wives  and 
sweethearts.  Then  follow  in  order  the  glovers,  carrying  a  huge 
glove;  the  blacksmiths  with  their  leather  aprons,  carrying  a 
large  wooden  horse  shoe;  the  hatters  with  a  great  hat;  the  gold- 
smiths with  a  banner;  and  the  apothecaries  with  a  large  mortar 
and  pestle.  The  parade  is  completed  by  the  butchers'  gild  with 
the  members  dressed  in  white  aprons  and  caps,  carrying  a  boar's 
head.  The  Morris  players  dance  toward  the  center  of  the  stage 
while  the  rest  of  the  procession  arrange  themselves,  with  jest  and 
laughter,  at  the  back.  Small,  lithe  Tom  Smith,  the  baker, 
pokes  prim  Miss  Lucinda  Brown,  the  glover's  sweetheart,  because 
he  knows  she  will  scream  and  shock  herself  and  her  sweetheart, 
too.     Then  he  trips  Jones,  the  hatter,  who  struts  along  so  proudly. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North- West 

Wherever  Tom  goes  you  may  be  sure  mischief  is  afoot,  and  Tom 
goes  everywhere.  But  see,  attention  is  draw^n  toward  the  center 
of  the  stage,  for  there  the  dance  of  the  Morris  players  is  in  full 
swing.  What  wild,  free  movements,  suggesting  open  fields,  whole- 
some hearts.  Indeed,  it  is  nature's  own  expression  of  joy!  Fat, 
jovial  Brown,  the  baker,  grabs  Mrs.  Hawkins,  the  blacksmith's  wife, 
and  awkwardly  tries  to  imitate  the  dancers,  but  succeeds  only  in 
tripping  poor  Mrs.  Hawkins,  who  does  not  look  as  if  she  were 
enjoying  Brown's  attentions.  The  Morris  dancers  finish,  and  their 
success  is  vouched  for  by  the  wild  applause  and  cheers  of  the 
merrymakers.  The  crowd  can  no  longer  resist  the  music,  and  in  a 
wink  an  old-fashioned  country-dance  is  in  progress.  Suddenly,  in 
the  midst  of  the  merriment,  the  herald  blows  his  trumpet.  What 
can  this  mean?  The  revelling  ceases  instantly,  and  everyone  is 
breathless  with  expectation. 

The  trumpeter  has  hardly  ceased  his  call  when  there  enters  a 
group  of  men  who,  from  their  very  bearing,  suggest  aristocracy. 
Yes,  that  is  the  Duke  of  York  in  advance;  all  eyes  are  directed 
to  the  two  men  behind  him  who  are  so  earnestly  engaged  in  discus- 
sion. One  is  surely  Prince  Rupert,  but  who  is  the  stranger  with 
him?  It  is  Radisson,  the  famous  French  explorer.  Several  noble- 
men, shipowners,  and  sea  captains  follow,  but  they  receive  scant  at- 
tention from  the  crowd.  The  regal  party  advances  toward  the 
Lord  Mayor,  who  struts  out  pompously  to  receive  them.  After  a 
few  words  with  the  Duke,  he  holds  up  his  hand  for  silence  and  ad- 
dresses the  crowd. 

Lord  Mayor: 
Hold!      The  Duke  of  York  is  come! 

The  Duke  steps  for7i>ard  on  the  platform.  He  is  tall, 
dignified,  statel}f,  hut  too  much  an  egotist  to  he  a  favorite 
with  the  people.  With  much  pomp  he  addresses  the 
crowd. 


The  First  Part:  Radisson 

Duke  OF  York: 

Loyal  subjects  of  the  King!  To  England  has  come  a  great  ex- 
plorer— Radisson.  He  has  been  in  the  wilderness  of  America  and 
comes  to  present  to  you  an  enterprise  of  great  worth.  Let  all  re- 
spect be  shown  him. 

Radisson  steps  out  from  the  crowd.  TalU  straight  as 
an  arrow y  he  stands.  His  hair  is  dark*  streamed  with 
gra^y  his  features  clear  cut  and  firm,  his  face  lined  with 
marks  of  struggle  and  privation.  The  dauntless  will 
gleaming  from  his  epes    marks  him  as  a  leader  of  men. 

Radisson  : 
Merchants  and  craftsmen  of  London!  I  have  come  from  the  court 
of  Louis  of  France.  I  sought  the  support  of  the  French  in  a  great 
enterprise,  promising  rich  returns.  My  own  countrymen  failed  to 
grasp  this  opportunity.  I  come  to  you,  you  leaders  of  industry,  you 
promoters  of  trade,  to  offer  you  a  place  in  this  venture  for  vast 
riches  beyond  the  Great  Lakes  of  America. 

The  Crowd: 
Hear!     Hear! 

I 
A  Butcher:         f 

In  the  merrymaking  he  stood  apart,  disgruntled;  now  he 
shouts  sneeringl^. 

H'm!  If  this  enterprise  is  so  fine,  why  wouldn't  France  have  it?  It 
looks  funny  to  me. 

A  Glover: 

Big  chunk  to  swallow. 

Several  others,  who  are  distrustful  of  anything  French, 
are  silenced  fcp  the  crowd. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

The  Crowd: 
Impatiently. 

Peace!    Ho!    Hear!    Hear  Radisson!    Aye!    Aye!       Radisson! 

The  irrepressible  Tom  Smith  shoves  the  butcher  s  hat  over 
his  face. 

Radisson  : 
For  three  years,  with  my  good  companion  Grosseilliers,  I  have  been 
in  the  north  of  this  new  country.  Here  no  white  man  had  yet  come. 
The  natives  live  by  hunting  in  the  winter  and  fishing  in  the  summer. 
There  is,  in  this  country,  a  vast  supply  of  furs,  an  inexhaustible  har- 
vest. It  is  awaiting  you.  You  have  only  to  come  for  it.  The 
Indians  are  friendly.  They  offered  us  their  pelts  for  mere  trinkets. 
You  have  only  to  establish  small  trading  posts.  With  a  supply 
of  bright  color,  the  wealth,  the  entire  weahh,  of  this  great  country 
is  yours! 

The  crorvd  has  listened  Tvith  intense  interest^  and  with  ex- 
clamations of  wonder  and  surprise  separates  into  excited 
groups. 

Duke  of  York: 
Rising  pompously. 
Loyal  subjects  of  the  King!  Truly,  this  is  an  opportune  occasion. 
Opened  before  us  we  see  a  vast  land  teeming  with  untouched  wealth. 
Sons  of  England!  Behold  in  this  the  vast  opportunity  to  assure 
England's  future  greatness.  I,  myself,  will  offer  to  head  the  com- 
pany which  shall  further  England's  glory  and  make  her  the  nation 
above  all  others  in  the  world  of  commerce. 

Lord  Mayor: 
He  steps  forward  to  displa})  his  blatant  rhetoric. 
Worthy  citizens  of  London!      This  is  indeed  a  magnificent  oppor- 
tunity.    We  should  take  advantage  of  it.     It  means  wealth!     Un- 


I 


The  First  Part:  Radisson 

valued  wealth!  And  who  here  does  not  wish  to  be  rich?  We 
will  send  ships  to  this  land  of  buffaloes  and  beaver,  and  we  will 
supply  the  whole  world  with  furs.  We  must  make  England  the 
mistress  of  the  world  in  the  fur  trade.  And  ours,  worthy  citizens, 
ours  shall  be  the  profit  and  honor  of  this  magnanimous  undertaking. 

During  the  Ma^or^s  speech,  Tom  Smith,  on  the  edge  of 
the  crowd,  and  so  placed  that  the  Mayor  cannot  see  him, 
imitates  Tpith  exaggeration  the  Mayor's  oratorical  efforts. 
Some  titter  and  nudge  each  other,  hut  when  the  Mayor 
finishes,  they  give  him  hearty  applause,  and  cheer  lustily. 
A  merchant  trader  then  rises.  During  his  speech  some 
nod  their  heads  in  approval,  others  turn  to  their  neighbors 
with  a  brief,  **He's  right.     This  is  a  good  thing." 

A  Merchant  Trader: 

Fellow-citizens,  this  has  been  a  subject  of  much  concern  to  me. 
Conditions  demand  a  change.  Our  fur  supplies  are  giving  out.  In 
Virginia  they  were  long  ago  exhausted;  in  the  southern  colonies  and 
Massachusetts  they  are  running  low.  In  New  York  alone  is  there 
still  a  brisk  fur  trade.  If  we,  as  traders,  wish  to  hold  our  position, 
we  must  find  a  new  source  of  supplies.  This  man  has  found  what 
we  are  looking  for,  an  unexplored  country  with  natives  eager  to 
barter  with  us.  I  am  in  favor  of  seizing  this  opportunity,  organ- 
izing a  company,  and  at  once  planting  the  English  flag  on  this 
domain. 

The  crowd  applauds  with  good  spirit. 

A  Ship  Owner: 
This  plan  meets  with  my  hearty  approval  because  it  fosters  an  in- 
dustry   for  which    England   is    naturally   adapted.      We   have   ever 
been  a  maritime  power,  steadily  advancing,   until  now  our  position 
is  unquestioned.     But  we  cannot  rest  on  our  laurels;  the  Dutch  and 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

the  French  are  our  close  rivals.  This  opportunity  is  unparalleled. 
Let  us  seize  it,  and  by  building  up  a  steady  commercial  intercourse 
between  this  new  land  and  our  own,  we  will  make  England  mistress 
of  the  seas. 

A  Sea  Captain: 

You're  right.  Captain.  It's  a  mighty  fine  chance  to  get  even.  Just 
watch  France  when  she  hears  of  it.  Ha!  Ha!  We  beat  the 
Dutch  and  we  beat  the  Spaniards;   now  for  the  French! 

Various  expressions  of  approval  and  disapproval  from  the 
crowd. 

Prince  Rupert: 
Merchants  and  craftsmen  of  London!  I  am  greatly  interested  in 
this  plan,  this  wonderful  enterprise.  But  we  must  work  together.  I 
suggest  that  we  organize  a  company,  naming  it  after  that  great 
region  where  we  shall  work,  Hudson  Bay.  We  must  first  issue  stock 
and  approximate  the  financial  support  we  shall  receive.  I,  for  one< 
will  take  stock  amounting  to  £300. 

Duke  of  York  : 
Prince,  I.  too,  will  pledge  £300. 

Prince  Rupert: 
Ah.  the  Duke  of  York  pledges  £300. 

First  Nobleman: 
I  pledge  £600. 

Second  Nobleman: 
And  I.  £700. 

Third  Nobleman: 
I  will  pledge  £500. 


The  First  Part:  Radisson 

A  Ship  Owner: 
I  pledge  £150. 

A  Sea  Captain: 

He  has  been  making  up  a  pool  with  some  of  his  compan- 
ions, and  now  holds  up  two  or  three  sacks  of  money  in 
one  hand,  raises  the  other  and  shouts: 
And  we  pledge  £25. 

A  Baker: 

Amongst  the  bakers  another  pool  has  been  made^  and  one 
of  their  number  announces  the  result. 

Our  craft  pledges  £20. 

Lord  Mayor: 
I,  myself,  will  pledge  £  I  7. 

Prince  Rupert: 
Ah,  now  I  am  assured  of  financial  support.     We  have  only  to  ob- 
tain a  charter  from  the  King,  and  select  a  patron  or  leader.    When 
this  is  done  nothing  can  prevent  our  success. 

The  Crowd: 
Radisson !      Radisson ! 

Radisson  : 
People  of  London!  My  heart  is  filled  with  gratitude  at  your 
generous  reception  of  my  plan.  You  have  proved  yourselves  a 
great  commercial  people.  You  have  shown  the  world  your  won- 
derful insight,  your  swiftness  in  grasping  opportunities,  your  com- 
mercial wisdom.  The  time  has  now  come  for  you  to  use  your 
great  power  and  limitless  resources  in  this  work.  I  will  stake  my 
life  to  make  it  a  success,  and  I  know  that,  together,  we  shall  win. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North -West 

We  shall  make  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  the  greatest  and  richest 
commercial  enterprise  the  world  has  yet  known. 

The  Crowd: 

As  the  explorer  and  the  ducal  patr^  leave  the  Hall,  the 
merrymakers  follow  dancing  and  shouting. 

Radisson !      Radisson !      Radisson ! 


Ca  g'all? 


"f/e  belonged  not  to  the  age  of  the  knight-errant 
and  the  saint,  but  to  the  modern  world  of  practical 
study  and  practical  action.  America  owes  him  an 
enduring  memory;  for  in  this  masculine  figure  she 
sees  the  pioneer  who  guided  her  to  the  possession  of 
her  richest  heritage. 

— Parkman. 


A  SONG  FOR  THE  DEAD. 

To  be  chanted  b^  the  Spirit  OF  PROPHECY  and  the 
Attending  Spirits. 

I. 

Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  to  weep. 
Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  for  grief. 
Weep,  weep,  let  the  red  blood  seep, 
Into  the  cruel,  thirsty  ground. 

Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  to  weep. 
Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  for  grief. 
Weep,  weep,  the  dark  blood  does  seep. 
Into  the  cold,   thirsty  ground. 

II. 

Vow,  vow  that  the  dead,  the  slain. 
Shall,  shall  be  avenged,  avenged; 
Vow,  vow  that  the  dreadful  stain. 
Shall,  shall  be  wiped  from  thy  name. 

Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  to  weep, 
Weep,  weep,  there  is  cause  for  grief. 
Weep,  weep,  shall  the  red  blood  seep, 
And  the  dead  be  unavenged? 

III. 

Pledge,  pledge  to  LaSalle  your  trust. 
Pledge,  pledge  that  the  foe  may  fear; 
Pledge,  pledge,  shall  the  carbine  rust 
And  the  dead  be  unavenged? 

Wail,  wail,  there  is  cause  to  wail. 
Wail,  wail,  there  is  cause  for  grief. 
Wail,  wail,  but  the  foe  shall  quail. 
And  the  slaughtered  shall  be  avenged. 


®t|0  Bnanii  Part:  Sla^alb 

Episode  1.    Pauguk,  the  Indian  Omen  of  Death. 
Scene:     A  typical  Indian  lodge. 

Squaws  emerge  from  the  tepees  and  light  the  camp  fire.  Chil- 
dren play  about  the  fire  and  among  the  tepees.  Here  a  boy  is 
trying  to  replace  a  broken  bow-string.  The  squaws  are  busy;  some 
making  moccasins,  one  grinding  corn,  and  still  others  getting  ready 
the  evening  meal.  A  young  girl  is  seen  making  a  basket,  and 
another  is  weaving  a  mat. 

Suddenly  a  hush  comes  over  the  camp.  Unexpected,  unan- 
nounced, unseen,  from  the  rear  comes  Pauguk,  the  Indian  embodi- 
ment of  Death,  grim,  stern,  foreboding.  He  stands  for  a  moment, 
unnoticed.  Then,  waving  his  bat-like  wnngs  slightly,  he  fixes  his 
stare  on  a  group  of  warriors  silently  approaching  from  the  dis- 
tance. The  very  absence  of  all  sounds  is  ominous.  One  of  the 
squaws,  as  if  impelled  by  an  unseen  power,  turns  her  gaze  upon 
Pauguk.  The  woman  struggles  against  the  force  which  is  im- 
pelling her  to  turn;  but  slowly,  irresistibly,  she  is  forced  to  yield. 
The  others  turn  also.  All  stand  watching  Pauguk  in  terror-stricken 
expectancy.  The  warriors  enter  with  their  gruesome  burdens.  As 
the  women  recognize  the  dead  bodies  of  their  braves,  they  rock  to 
and  fro,  wailing. 

The  wail  is  wierd,  uncanny.  It  is  a  cry  for  the  departed  soul. 
In  it  is  heard  the  quavering  lament  of  the  lonely  wolf,  the  story  of 
the  fruitless  hunt,  the  tale  of  the  deserted  tepee,  and  the  unkept 
camp-fire.  It  rises  and  falls  as  the  changing  tide.  It  is  the  cry 
of  the  untamed  human  heart. 

The  unrelenting  figure  of  Pauguk  remains  motionless,  gazing 
grimly  on  the  scene.  The  bodies  are  deposited  on  rude  litters.  Va- 
rious squaws  approach,   and  remove  the  burial  wrappings   from  the 


A  Pageant  of  the  North -West 

faces,  to  recognize  their  dead.  Then  the  men  bear  off  their  burdens 
to  the  funeral  scaffolds,  followed  by  the  mourning  squaws  and 
children.  The  scaffolds  of  rude  poles  and  bark  ^^^  visible  to  the 
audience  just  off  the  stage,  right,  and  a  little  to  the  rear.  Behind 
them  stands  Pauguk,  immovable,  a  silent  witness  of  the  cruelty  of 
their  savage  enemy,  the  Iroquois.  The  wailing  continues  while  the 
bodies  are  raised  to  the  scaffolds.  When  they  are  placed  at  rest, 
the  imposing  figure  of  Pauguk  rises  to  his  full  height,  stretches  up 
his  ominous  wings,  and  gloats  over  the  scene.  Then  the  sorrowing 
Illinois  return  to  their  tepees  in  stoic  submission* 


♦The  Dirge  for  the  Dead  in  the  burial  ceremony,  and  other  Indian 
music  in  the  Pagreant,  la  native  music  recorded  by  Mr.  Harold  A. 
Loring-,  collector  of  the  songs  and  folklore  of  the  American  Indians 
for  the  United   States  government,  and   is  used   by   his  permission. 


Slje  S^^rnnJi  Part:  Ha^alU 

Episode  II.   The  Grand  Council.    1681. 
Scene:     Starved  Rock,  Illinois. 

A  grand  council  has  been  called,  at  which  LaSalle  is  to  talk 
to  the  Indians  and  propose  his  plans.  Seated  for  the  council  are 
Miami,  Illinois,  Abenakis,  Mohegans,  Foxes,  and  others,  all  waiting 
for  LaSalle  to  appear.  Suddenly  LaSalle  and  Tonty,  LaSalle's 
right  hand  man,  with  an  Indian  guide,  are  seen  approaching  in  a 
canoe.  LaSalle  and  Tonty  alight.  They  are  greeted  with  grave 
ceremony  by  the  different  chieftains,  and  given  the  place  of  honor. 
LaSalle  arises  and  greets  the  council. 

LaSalle  : 

Children!  Mighty  chiefs  of  the  Illinois,  Miami,  and  Mohegans — 
brave  warriors!  I  am  glad  to  see  you  here.  Here  a  fire  has  been 
lighted  for  you  to  smoke  by.  You  have  done  well,  my  children,  to 
obey  the  command  of  the  white  chief  in  coming  together.  You  will 
hear  his  word,  which  is  full  of  peace  and  friendship.  (Interpreter.) 
I  come  not  for  war,  but  for  peace.  It  is  good  work  that  brings  us 
together  in  council.  Courage,  then,  my  children!  As  a  sign  of  our 
friendship,  we  will  smoke  the  tobacco  sent  from  the  Great  White 
King.      (Interpreter.) 

Tont^  distributes  the  tobacco;  first  to  the  chiefs,  then  the 
Warriors,  each  according  to  his  ran^.  The^  smoj^e  the 
pipe  of  peace. 

LaSalle  : 
He  addresses  the  Illinois. 
To   you,    Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig,    chief    of    the    Illinois,    and    your   brave 
warriors,  greatest  of  the  western  tribes,   I  speak.      For  you,  O  Illi- 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

nois,  whose  dead  are  many  as  the  birds  of  the  forest,  the  Great 
Father  is  pleading.  He  would  save  the  lives  of  his  people.  Where 
is  the  Illinois  village?  The  meadow  is  black  with  fire.  Every- 
where there  are  heaps  of  ashes.  (Interpreter.)  Where  are  the 
warriors?  Howling  wolves  feed  on  your  dead.  The  air  is  black 
with  buzzards.  Your  dead  are  torn  down  from  the  scaffolds.  Their 
bones  lie  bleaching  in  the  sun.  Everywhere  on  the  blackened  poles 
of  your  wigwams  are  the  bloody  heads  of  your  old  men,  and  all 
about  the  the  half-burned  bodies  of  your  women  and  children  bound 
to  the  stakes.  Your  caches  have  been  robbed.  Your  maize  fields 
have  been  burned.  All  is  dead  and  bare.  The  sun  sets  on  a  wil- 
derness.    (Interpreter.) 

He  stops  speal^ing  for  a  moment^  and  half  suppressed  wail- 
ing is  heard. 

LaSalle  : 
My  heart  is  sad  to  see  no  canoes  on  the  water,  no  hunters  in 
the  woods,  no  lodges  in  your  villages,  to  hear  no  welcome  from 
your  warriors.  Therefore  have  I  come,  my  children,  to  bring  cloths 
to  cover  your  dead  and  many  presents  to  do  them  honor.  It  is  the 
Iroquois  who  have  killed  your  people  and  destroyed  your  villages. 
The  ominous  red  stone  the  Iroquois  have  left  behind  them,  a  cruel 
sign  of  their  outrages.  (Interpreter.)  The  Iroquois  are  subjects  of 
the  Great  White  King  and  LaSalle,  [Gesture  to  himself]  but  they 
have  disobeyed.  The  Great  King  is  angry.  LaSalle  is  angry.  I  prom- 
ised you  gims  and  protection.  You  doubted  me.  Your  enemies 
came  like  wolves  to  devour  you.  Your  brother,  LaSalle,  has  come 
to  offer  you  protection.  He  will  live  among  you  and  supply  you 
with  goods,  and  you  will  live  at  peace.      (Interpreter.) 

LaSalle  sits  down.     Illinois  chief  rises  and  speaks. 

Illinois  Chief:  Ka-gi-ge-gi-zhig   (His-sun-never-sets) : 
The  paleface  is  a  great  warrior.     We  will  call  him  chief.     We  will 


The  Second  Part:  LaSalle 

go  to  our  people.  We  will  all  live  in  peace.  [Holds  up  calumet.] 
We  will  bring  to  the  white  chief  much  corn.  He  shall  be  our  chief. 
(Interpreter. ) 

TONTY: 

He  addresses  the  Miami. 

Mighty  Miami,   you  have  lost  your  chief,   and  the  great   LaSalle 

has  come  to  fill  his  place.      He  will  take  the  name  of  your  dead 

chieftain.     He  will  support  his  squaws  and  children.    (Interpreter.) 

The  Miami  grunt  in  approval.      Tonty  hands  two  belts 
of  wampum  to  their  representatives. 

LaSalle: 
He  speaks  to  the  Miami. 

My  master,  the  French  King,  is  a  great  ruler.  The  chiefs 
you  have  seen  are  but  children  beside  him.  He  is  a  great  tree,  and 
they  are  blades  of  grass.  He  will  protect  you.  You  must  live  at 
peace  with  the  Illinois.  You  are  foolish  to  form  a  league  with  the 
Iroquois.  If  they  destroy  the  Illinois,  they  will  next  destroy  you. 
You  must  be  all  one  great  family.  [Gesture  to  all  the  tribes].  If 
you  will  be  children  of  the  great  French  king,  we  will  drive  out 
the  enemy  and  build  up  a  powerful  people.      (Interpreter.) 

They  listen,  well  pleased.     LaSalle  sits. 

Miami  Chief:  Wa-bi-ke-kek  (White  Hawk): 

He  rises. 
Brave  warrior  of  the  Great  White  King,  the  Illinois  is  our  brother. 
We  will  live  at  peace  with  him.      (Interpreter.) 

Illinois  chief  rises.     LaSalle  and  Tonty  rise. 

ToNTY: 

My  chief  has  said  that  he  will  keep  back  the  Iroquois.  He  has 
promised  you  the  protection  of  the  Great  King.      You  do  well  to 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

trust  him.     You  will  have  much  game  and  com  and  wampum.     (In- 
terpreter.) 

At  this  point  an  Illinois  brave  enters,  and  stands  at  the 
edge  of  the  council  with  hand  upraised.  The  Illinois  chief 
beckons  him  in.  In  the  Indian  sign  language,  he  informs 
his  chief  that  there  is  a  band  of  Shawanoes  outside  who 
wish  admittance.  The  chief  gives  his  consent.  The  brave 
departs,  then  returns  before  a  ShaWanoe  chief  and  ten 
warriors.  The  ShaWanoe  chief,  Pe-mi~kaw-wed  (He-who 
makes-foot-tracks-going-by),  expresses  in  pantomime  his 
desire  to  speak  to  LaSalle,  and  permission  is  given. 
Through  sign  language,  LaSalle  discovers  that  he  has 
come  all  the  wa^  from  the  Ohio  River  to  seek  the  pro- 
tection of  the  French.  LaSalle  tells  him  that  the  home  of 
the  Shawanoes  by  the  Ohio  is  too  distant,  but  that  if  the}) 
will  come  to  the  Illinois  the})  shall  be  safe.  Pe-mi-kci^-T^^d 
promises  to  join  LaSalle  in  the  autumn  at  Fort  Miami. 
All  are  now  seated  with  the  exception  of  LaSalle,  who 
closes  the  council. 

LaSalle: 
Brothers,  it  is  well.  No  more  can  the  Iroquois  trouble  you.  The 
faces  of  your  children  will  be  bright  again.  Your  hunt  will  be 
successful.  Your  corn  fields  will  not  be  destroyed.  The  French 
will  live  among  you.  They  will  build  up  a  great  nation  here.  It 
will  include  all  the  tribes  from  the  Great  Sea  Water  toward  the 
Rising  Sun  to  the  land  of  the  Sioux,  and  open  up  the  country  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  They  will  buy  your  furs  and  sell 
you  the  goods  of  the  white  man.  The  smoke  of  this  council  fire 
shall  spread  over  the  whole  country,  and  we  will  all  live  at  peace. 
(Interpreter. ) 

He  indicates  by  a  gesture  that  the  council  is  closed.  The 
Indians  gradually  disperse,  and  LaSalle  and  Tonty  retire 
to  the  canoe.  The  Indian  paddles  them  slowly  out  of 
sight. 


OlI}^  g^^rnnii  Part:  Slag^all^ 

The  Spirit  of  Prophecy. 

Six  years  have  passed  since  bold  LaSalle  gathered 

The  warring  tribes  around  his  council  fire 

And  bade  them  dwell  in  peace  with  one  another. 

But  now,  he,  who  could  unify  the  savages, 

Is  powerless  to  restrain  his  followers. 

Daily  their  spirits  grow  more  discontent, 

Until  mutiny  breaks  forth,  and  he. 

Who  led  them  through  the  wilderness,  himself  is  slain. 


©Iji?  ^^rnnb  Part:  EaS^alk 

Episode  III.     The  Death  of  LaSalle.     1687. 
Scene:    A   Wilderness  Camp,  in  n^hat  is  now  Texas. 

At  the  time  this  scene  takes  place,  LaSalle  and  his  party  are 
on  their  way  to  Canada.  Joutel,  a  trusty  soldier  from  Fort  St. 
Louis,  is  with  them.  He  is  to  go  to  Quebec  and  to  proceed  thence 
to  France  to  solicit  aid  for  the  colony,  while  LaSalle  is  to  return 
to  Texas.  They  are  not  a  prosperous  looking  company.  They 
lead  with  them  their  five  horses,  laden  with  their  scanty  baggage; 
and,  what  is  of  no  less  importance,  their  stock  of  presents  for  the 
Indians.  Some  wear  the  remains  of  the  clothing  they  have  worn 
from  France,  eked  out  with  deer  skins,  dressed  in  the  Indian  man- 
ner, and  some  have  coats  of  old  sail-cloth.  Here  is  LaSalle,  in 
whom  one  would  know  at  a  glance  the  chief  of  the  party.  Here, 
too,  are  his  nephews,  Moranget  and  young  Cavelier;  the  trusty 
soldier,  Joutel ;  and  the  friar  Anastase  Douay.  Also,  here  is  Duhaut, 
a  man  of  respectable  birth  and  education;  and  Liotot,  the  surgeon 
of  the  party.  The  other  men  are  Hiens,  a  German  ex-buccaneer; 
L'Archeveque,  a  servant  of  Duhaut;  Nika,  LaSalle's  Indian  hun- 
ter, who  has  twice  crossed  the  ocean  with  him;  Saget,  his  faithful 
servant,  and  others  to  the  number  of  seventeen.  They  are  a  motley 
group.  At  home  they  might  perhaps  have  lived  and  died  with  a 
fair  repute;  but  the  wilderness  is  a  rude  touchstone,  which  often 
reveals  traits  that  would  have  lain  buried  and  unsuspected  in  civi- 
lized life. 

They  have  not  been  an  harmonious  company.  LaSalle  has  not 
been  in  good  favor  with  his  men  because  of  his  cold  and  haughty 
reserve.  Duhaut  and  the  surgeon  Liotot,  both  of  whom  have  a 
large  pecuniary  interest  in  LaSalle's  enterprise  of  colonization,  are 
disappointed  in  its  unprofitable  results.     They  have  quarreled  with 


The  Second  Part:  LaSalle 

young  Moranget,  LaSalle's  nephew.  There  have  been  several  in- 
trigues. It  is  even  stated  on  good  authority  that  Liotot  has  secretly 
sworn  vengeance  on  LaSalle,  whom  he  holds  responsible  for  the 
death  of  his  brother.  On  a  former  journey  this  young  man's 
strength  had  failed,  LaSalle  had  ordered  him  to  return  to  the  fort, 
and  he  had  been  killed  by  Indians  on  the  way. 

On  the  15th  of  March,  the  party  camped  within  a  few  miles 
of  a  spot  which  LaSalle  had  passed  on  a  preceding  journey,  and 
where  he  had  left  some  Indian  com  and  beans  in  cache.  Pro- 
visions were  short,  so  LaSalle  sent  a  party  from  camp  to  find  it. 
These  men  were  Duhaut,  Liotot,  Hiens,  the  buccaneer,  Teissier, 
L'Archeveque,  Nika,  the  hunter,  and  LaSalle*s  servant,  Saget.  They 
found  the  contents  of  the  cache  spoiled,  but  Nika  managed  to  shoot 
two  buffaloes.  They  encamped  on  the  spot,  and  sent  the  servant  to 
ask  LaSalle  to  send  horses  to  bring  in  the  meat.  Accordingly, 
LaSalle  sent  Moranget  and  DeMarle,  with  th'e  necessary  horses, 
to  go  with  Saget  to  the  hunters'  camp.  When  they  arrived  they 
found  that  Duhaut  and  his  companions  had  already  cut  up  the 
meat,  and  laid  it  upon  scaffolds  for  smoking.  Duhaut  and  the 
others  had  also  put  by,  for  themselves,  certain  portions  of  the  meat 
to  which,  by  woodland  custom,  they  had  a  perfect  right.  Moranget 
fell  into  a  most  unreasonable  fit  of  rage,  berated  and  menaced  Duhaut 
and  his  party,  and  ended  by  seizing  upon  the  whole  of  the  meat, 
including  the  reserved  portions.  This  added  fuel  to  the  fire  of 
Duhaut's  old  grudge  against  Moranget  and  his  uncle.  He  took 
counsel  apart  with  Hiens,  Teissier,  and  L'Archeveque,  and  they 
decided  to  kill  Moranget  that  night.  The  plot  was  kept  secret. 
Night  came;  and  while  Moranget,  Saget,  and  Nika  were  peacefully 
sleeping,  the  villainous  plotters  foully  murdered  all  three.  Even 
DeMarle   was   forced   to   compromise   himself. 

LaSalle,    meanwhile,    anxiously   waited    one    day;    and    then. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

alarmed  by  the  delay,  set  out  in  a  canoe  with  Friar  Douay  and 
an  Indian  guide  to  search  for  them.  This  scene  opens  with  the 
mutineers  in  camp,  shortly  before  LaSalle  discovers  them.  L'Ar- 
cheveque,  Duhaut,  the  surgeon  Liotet,  Hiens,  and  Tiessier  are  in 
temporary  camp.      They  walk  in,  all  talking  earnestly. 

L'Archeveque: 
LaSalle  will  search  for  us.     He  will  suspect  something. 

Duhaut  : 
LaSalle,   indeed!       [Sneers.]      Let  me  hear  no  more  of  the  over- 
bearing fellow.     He  tried  to  give  that  insolent  Moranget  command 
over  us.     We  had  to  kill  him.     We  endured  his  impudence  too  long. 

L'Archeveque: 
Let  LaSalle  die  too!     It  is  his  turn  now.     We  are  all  tired  of  his 
foolish  delays  and  his  haughty  treatment.     Why  wait  longer?     Let 
him  die. ! 

Two  shots  are  heard.     All  are  startled. 

Duhaut: 

Back!  'Tis  he!  He  seeks  Moranget!  Are  you  ready?  We'll 
hide  in  the  reeds.  You  wait  here.  [To  UArcheveque.]  Make 
him  angry.     Then  we'll  have  an  excuse  for  attacking  him. 

All  hide,  except  L* Archeveque,   "who  remains  in  sight. 
LaSalle,  Friar  Doua}^,  and  Ke-he-cum-ig-ish-kunk   {He- 
rvho-treads-the-earth-tO'the-end),  the  Indian  guide,   come 
up  the  river  in  the  canoe.     The})  land  at  a  short  distance 
from  U Archeveque  and  the  hidden  men. 

Friar  Douay  : 

Here  are  footprints!  [LaSalle  moves  forward  impatiently.]  Yes, 
my  son,  but  you  must  not  be  rash.  Remember  you  do  not  deal 
with  Indians  now,  but  with  treacherous  white  men! 


The  Second  Part:  LaSalle 

LaSalle: 
True,  true!     All  my  life  I  have  regretted  that  I  could  not  manage 
my  men.     Always  I  could  control  the  Indians,  but  not  my  own  men. 

Friar  Douay: 
But,   my   son,   you   have   been   successful.      You   have   opened   up 
the  great  country   of  the  Mississippi.      You   have  done   much   for 
France.      Even   though  you   have  not   been   able   to   control   white 
men,  you  have  been  successful.     Here — who  is  that? 

LaSalle : 

He  goes  toward  the  figure. 
Holla   there!      L' Archeveque !      Where   are   the   men?      Where   is 
Moranget  ? 

U Archeveque  does  not  ansrver^  and  LaSalle  continues. 
Where  are  they?     Answer  me! 

L*  Archeveque: 
He  ansrvers  with  cool  and  studied  insolence. 
Wandering  about somewhere. 

LaSalle  : 
He  advances   toward  him  threateningly). 
Where  are  they,  I  say!      Answer  me,  or  I'll 

L' Archeveque: 
He  retreats  nearer  to  hiding  place. 
Somewhere  here.     Don't  know.     Don't  care. 

LaSalle  is  angry.  He  rushes  at  L* Archeveque  and  comes 
nearer  to  the  ambuscade.  A  shot  is  fired  from  the  grass; 
then  another.  LaSalle  drops  dead.  The  friar  stands 
terror-stricken.  Duhaut  rushes  from  the  hushes  and  calls 
to   the  friar. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

DUHAUT: 
Not  you,  father,  not  you!      It  was  LaSalle  we  wanted.     He'll  not 
rob  us  of  our  money!      He'll  not  ruin  us!      He'll  not  lead  us  to 
death.     His  skulking  dog,  Moranget,  won't  rule  us! 

The  Friar  bends  over  the  hod^  of  LaSalle.  Others  gather 
around, 

Liotot: 

He  cries  out  in  exultation. 

Hiere  thou  liest,  great  Bashaw,  there  thou  liest! 

The  Indian  guide  falls  on  the  bod^,  but  is  kicked  aTva\f. 
The  murderers  mock  at  the  bod})  and  drag  it  into  the 
bushes,  followed  fcp  the  guide  and  the  friar,  Tvho  crosses 
himself  repeatedly^. 


U^r^nirp 


"He  sketched  the  broad  outlines  of  a  fur  trade 
empire  for  the  greater  North-  West,  but  the  consumma- 
tion of  his  far-reaching  designs  came  in  a  later  gen- 
eration and  under  an  alien  flag.  " 

— Libby 


THE  VOYAGEUR'S  BOAT  SONG 

To  be  chanted  b})  the  Spirit  of  Prophecy  and  the 
Attendant  Spirits 

L 

Ho,  ho,  the  rushing  stream  is  foaming,  * 

Ho,  ho,  the  boat  is  wet  with  spray. 
Ho,  ho,  we  love  the  life  of  roaming. 

Roaming,    roaming   through    the   quiet    day. 

II. 

Ho,  ho,  the  portage  now  approaching. 
Ho,  ho,  the  sturdy  back  must  bend. 
Ho,  ho,  who  here  will  bear  reproaching; 

Reproaching,  reproaching  his  sluggard  ways  to  mend. 

III. 

Ho,  ho,  the  bright  camp  fire  is  glowing. 

Ho,  ho,  the  meat  is  on  the  fire. 

Ho,  ho,  the  cool  north  wind  is  blowing. 

Blowing,  blowing  the  tossing  pine  to  tire. 

rv. 

Ho,  ho,  the  morning  light  is  breaking. 
Ho,  ho,  we  greet  the  coming  day. 
Ho,  ho,  we  boatsmen  now  are  taking. 

Taking,   taking   again  our  joyful  way. 


Slfr  ®t|tr&  Part:  Hf rptt&rgp 

Episode  I.    The  Departure  of  Verendrye.     1741. 
Scene:    Montreal,  Bon  Secours  Market.    A  sunn^  morning. 

It  is  early  May  in  the  year  1741.  The  last  snow  has  dis- 
appeared, and  the  first  flowers  promise  spring.  The  yearly  Car- 
nival celebrating  the  Passing  of  Winter  and  the  Coming  of  Spring 
is,  therefore,  the  important  event  of  the  day.  In  the  background, 
the  market-stalls  are  festooned  with  every  gay  hue,  flags,  bunting, 
pennons,  rosettes,  streamers — in  fact,  all  manner  of  things  which  fly, 
and  flutter,  and  invite  the  eye. 

The  little  square  is  packed  with  a  happy-faced  humanity,  all 
decorated  for  the  occasion — some  in  grotesque  costumes,  others  with 
gay  or  hideous  masks.  Even  the  poorest  wear  some  ribbon  or 
flower  in  honor  of  the  gala  occasion. 

Trappers,  rivermen,  tradesmen,  artisans,  all  in  their  best  with 
bright  scarf  or  sashes  flying;  gay  young  girls  in  bright  dresses; 
fathers  of  families  bearing  laughing  children  on  their  shoulders, 
while  proudly  smiling  mothers  follow;  groups  of  frolicking,  bump- 
ing, jumping  children;  shy  couples,  bold  couples,  but  all  happy 
couples — in  fact,  the  entire  town,  it  seems,  has  come  for  the  great 
holiday  of  spring.  The  crowd  separates  good-naturedly  to  allow 
old  women,  who  have  come  out  to  see  the  world,  to  be  helped  through 
and  seated  on  benches  by  the  river,  where  they  may  blink  placidly 
in  the  sun,  and  watch  the  people  and  the  river  flowing  past. 

Gay,  pretty  flower-girls  weave  through  the  crowd  displaying  their 
posies  and  smiles  equally  well;  aged  fruit  sellers,  trumpet-voiced 
confetti  men,  peddlers  of  horns  and  whistles;  the  cheerful  clamor 
of  speech  and  song  fills  the  air.  There  are  cries  of  venders,  screams 
from  the  flower  girls  when  some  would-be  purchaser  attempts  to 
take  a  kiss  instead  of  his  rose;  there  are  gay  streamers,  showers  of 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

confetti,  and  blossoms  everjrwhere.  A  long  line  of  young  men — 
grotesquely  masked  and  costumed — with  arms  on  each  other's 
shroulders,  serpentine  through  the  crowd.  Their  number  gradually  in- 
creases, leaving  deserted  mothers,  sisters,  and  sweethearts  gazing  en- 
viously after  them.  A  travelling  marionette  show  sends  the  crowds 
about  it  into  shrieks  of  laughter.  As  it  moves  about  from  place  to 
place  the  small  boys  follow,  tugging  after,  and  pushing  for  the 
choice  positions.  Curious  vehicles  come  and  go.  One  family 
rides  proudly  in  and  out  in  a  pink  cheese-cloth-covered  wheel-bar- 
row, propelled  by  the  blacksmith  father  amidst  peltings  of  confetti. 

A  bugle  sounds!  A  hush  falls  over  the  crowd!  As  if  by 
magic  a  way  clears.  Amidst  cheers  and  showers  of  confetti  and 
flowers.  Our  Lady  of  Spring  arrives,  throned  on  a  blossom-decked 
and  canopied  dais  borne  by  eight  young  men.  Her  robe  is  of  pink, 
the  pink  of  rose-time.  In  her  hair  is  a  wreath  of  peach-blooms. 
Forty  girls,  representing  different  spring  flowers,  follow  dancing  and 
singing.  Some  wave  ffowering  wands.  Others  with  baskets,  scat- 
ter petals  over  the  applauding  crowd.  The  dais  of  Our  Lady  of 
Spring  is  placed  in  the  foreground  by  the  river-side,  while  her  atten- 
dants kneel  before  her. 

Our  Lady  rises,  waves  her  wand,  and  a  space  in  the  center  is 
rapidly  cleared.  Three  or  four  guitar  players  at  the  left  of  the  crowd 
play  a  lively  French  air.  The  flower  girls  skip  into  the  center  and, 
amidst  cheering  and  enthusiastic  applause  from  the  crowd,  dance  the 
old  French  Dance  of  the  Spirit  of  Spring.  Back  and  forth,  in  and 
out,  they  swing  and  sway  in  the  rhythm  of  the  dance  while  the  by- 
standers watch,  fascinated. 

When  the  excitement  is  highest,  one  of  the  musicians  looking 
back,  sees  approaching  a  group  contrasting  strangely  with  the  revelers. 
The  other  musicians,  noting  their  companion's  silence,  turn  in  the 
same  direction,  then  cease  playing.     This  stops  the  dance. 


The  Third  Part:  Verendrye 

As  the  group  draws  near,  one  of  the  bystanders  recognizes  the 
brave  voyageur.  La  Verendrye.  His  cry  of  "Verendrye!  Veren- 
drye!" is  quickly  taken  up  by  the  others  and  "Vive  La  Verendrye! 
Bravo!   Bravo!   Verendrye!"  echoes  and  reechoes. 

First  come  several  men  whose  dress,  guns  and  luggage  indi- 
cate them  to  be  hunters  and  trappers.  They  are  excited  and  talk 
with  vehement  gestures.  Behind  them  stride,  stolidly,  several  In- 
dians accompanied  by  two  or  three  squaws.  A  short  distance  behind, 
Verendrye,  his  three  sons,  his  nephew.  La  Jeremaye,  and  a  priest 
walk  slowly  and  thoughtfully.  They  are  talking  seriously,  and 
every  little  while  Verendrye  refers  to  the  map  in  his  hands. 
At  the  sound  of  the  cheers  from  the  crowd,  the  approaching 
group  looks  up.  Some  of  the  traders  respond  with  yells  and  waves 
of  the  hand;  the  Indians,  however,  retain  their  stolid  composure. 
Verendrye  looking  up,  smiles,  takes  off  his  hat,  and  then  returns  to 
his  discussion  with  the  priest. 

A  way  opens  through  the  crowd,  and  the  traders  and  Indians  go 
to  their  canoes  to  arrange  the  luggage.  Some  of  them  turn  to  speak 
to  different  ones  in  the  crowd.  The  Indians  stand  aside  in  a  group, 
watching,  while  Verendrye  and  his  party  stand  apart  on  the  right, 
eagerly  scanning  the  map. 

The  priest,  leaving  Verendrye  and  his  sons  still  intent  upon  the 
chart,  advances  towards  the  canoes.  There  are  murmurs  of  "Father 
Degonnor,"  and  the  crowd  moves  back  to  allow  him  to  pass.  Father 
Degonnor  stands  a  moment  silent,  then  turning  towards  the  crowd, 
lifts  his  hand.  The  murmur  quickly  dies  out.  Even  the  irrepressible 
venders  are  silent,  and  stand  watching  him  intently. 

Father  Degonnor: 

My  children,  our  brave  commander  is  going  on  a   far  journey — a 
journey  of  danger  and  hardship.     He  has  sought  aid  of  the  king  in 


A  Pageant  of  The  North-West 

vain.  He  has  asked  aid  of  the  governor  and  received  only  words. 
Now,  alone  and  v^ithout  aid,  he  goes  to  find  the  Western  Sea.  He 
goes  to  discover  land  and  wealth — not  for  himself,  but  for  the  coun- 
try which  so  neglects  him. 

The  Crowd: 
Verendrye!   Verendrye!    Vive   La   Verendrye! 

At  the  sound,  Verendr'^e  looks  up,  and  comes  slowly  to- 
ivards  the  canoes  amidst  cheers.  Some  rush  to  meet  him, 
others  gather  about  his  canoe,  all  expressing  their  admira- 
tion for  him  and  belief  in  his  expedition.  Upon  reaching 
his  canoe,  Verendrye  turns  and  looks  back  tomard  the 
people,  but  his  epe  rests  on  Charles,  his  })oungest  son,  rvho 
is  to  be  left  behind. 

Verendrye  : 

Adieu,  comrades.  [Deeply  moved.]  We  go  in  search  of  the  West- 
ern Sea.  This  chief,  Ochagach,  [indicating  the  big  Indian],  has 
brought  us  word  of  a  westward  flowing  river.  He  has  told  us  of 
a  sea  which  ebbs  and  flows.  He  has  told  us  of  a  great  salt  lake 
and  many  villages.  I  believe  this  chief.  I  believe  that  this  points 
to  a  true  way  to  the  Western  Sea — a  way  to  the  north  through  the 
land  of  the  Cristineaux  and  Assiniboins.  The  king  has  refused  us  aid, 
but,  believing  that  this  expedition  will  add  to  the  glory  and  wealth  of 
France,  we  offer  our  own  money,  our  own  lives  for  this  service. 

The  crowd  stands  for  a  moment  silent,  then  cheer  after 
cheer  goes  up,  silenced  onl})  b})  Father  Degonnor  coming 
forward  and  placing  his  hand  on   Verendr^e^s  shoulder. 

Father  Degonnor: 

That  you  will  undergo  such  sacrifice  and  hardship  for  France  is 
noble.     Though  France  now  does  not  respond,  she  will  yet  appreciate 


The  Third  Part:  Verendrye 

and  repay  you.     Let  us  now,  however,  as  always,  show  our  loyalty 
and  patriotism  to  her  flag. 

Amidst  cheers  he  unfolds  the  old  flag  of  France,  a  ivhite 
field  covered  with  gold  fleur  de  lis.  Then  ever};  hat  is 
removed  and  in  silence  Father  Degonner  fastens  the  flag 
to  the  front  of  Verendr^e^s  canoe. 

Verendrye: 
He  turns  to  the  priest. 
Under  the  flag  of  France,  and  with  the  blessing  of  God  may  we  go. 

Father  Degonnor: 

He  raises  his  hand,  Tvhile  the  crorvd  kneels,  and  maizes 
the  sign  of  the  cross  over  them. 

Benedicat  vos,  omnipotens  Deus  Pater,  et  Filius,  et  Spiritus  Sanctus. 
Amen. 

Verendrye  and  his  sons  hid  farewell  to  Charles  and  step 
into  their  canoes.  As  the^  push  off  there  is  a  great  cheer- 
ing from  the  shore.  Some  one  on  shore  starts  the  words 
'^Malhrouck  s'en  Va  t'en  Guerre.*'  Others  take  it  up. 
Soon  all  are  singing,  and  continue  singing  till  the  canoes 
disappear  in  the  distance.  Then  the  dais  of  Our  Lady  of 
Spring  is  once  more  borne  aloft,  the  flower  maidens  take 
their  places,  dancing  gracefully^,  while  the  carnival  proces- 
sion  winds   its   way  and  disappears  among   the   trees. 


atij^  SljirJn  fart:  l^r^nJ^rg^ 

The  Spirit  of  Prophecy 

Eight  years  have  passed  since  Verendrye  left 
To  seek  the  distant,  unknown  Western  Sea. 
He  now  returns,  a  worn-out,  feeble  man. 
Broken  in  health,  but  strong  in  spirit  still. 
And  sends  his  sons  to  finish  his  great  task. 
He  dies  among  his  friends  in  Montreal. 


(Elft  Eifxvh  Part:  Vnmhinst 

Episode  II.  The  Death  of  Verendrye.     1749. 
Scene:     Montreal,  Verendrye* s  Garden.     Afternoon, 

It  is  the  autumn  of  1  749,  and  the  warm  sun  fills  every  nook 
and  corner  of  Verendrye's  garden.  In  the  sunniest  spot  is  a  rustic 
table  and  a  large  chair.  Upon  the  table  are  books  and  papers. 
Mrs.  Mowbray,  Verendrye's  housekeeper,  comes  out  with  her  arms 
full  of  pillows,  and  arranges  them  in  the  chair.  Slowly  Verendrye 
approaches  from  the  house,  leaning  upon  the  arm  of  his  youngest 
son,  Charles.  He  is  very  feeble  and  stops  now  and  then  to  rest. 
Charles  is  carrying  more  books  and  papers.  Verendrye  sinks  down 
wearily  into  his  seat,  while  Charles  and  the  housekeeper  arrange  the 
cushions  about  him.     Verendrye  speaks  with  indomitable  hopefulness. 

Verendrye : 

Are  there  any  letters  or  messages,  Charles? 

Charles  : 
He  tries     to  conceal  his  anxiety  and  arranges  the  papers 
so  that  Verendrye  ma})  reach  them  easily. 

Oh,  yes,  father;  a  great  many  letters  of  congratulation  for  your 
appointment  to  a  captaincy;  letters  and  messages  from  everywhere, 
congratulating  you  upon  being  decorated  with  the  Cross  of  St.  Louis. 

Verendr'^e  smiles  as  if  he  enjoyed  hearing  of  this  belated 
recognition  of  his  services,  hut  he  also  waits  eagerly  for 
some  further  word.     Charles  busies  himself. 

Verendrye : 
Nothing  else? 

Charles: 
A  message  from  the  doctor  to  say  he  would  call  this  afternoon;  a 
man,  also,  to  check  over  the  supplies. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

Verendrye : 
A  doctor!  What  do  I  need  further  of  a  doctor!  Am  I  not  pre- 
paring to  start  upon  a  new  expedition?  One  that  will  at  last  reach 
the  Western  Sea?  [He  becomes  excited,  he  sits  erect  in  his  chair 
and  gazes  in  front  of  him  as  if  visualizing  the  successful  expedition.] 
And  we  will  reach  it,  I  am  sure  of  it.  But  for  our  unexpected  mis- 
fortunes, we  should  have  reached  it  before.     Now  that  we  have  the 

authority  of  the  king  and  the  recognition [He  coughs.    Charles 

seeing  that   Verendrye  is  overexciting  himself  tp  talking,  offers  him 
some  of  the  letters  to  read,  but  the  old  man  pushes  them  arva}f.] 

Verendrye: 
It  is  enough  that  you  tell  me  what  they  say.  It  is  enough  to  feel 
that  at  last  my  motives  are  known  to  be  true,  and  not  mercenary, 
that  my  patriotism  was  genuine,  and  not  for  personal  ambition.  [He 
moves  restlessly)  and  coughs  again.]  But  was  there  not  other  word 
from    Pierre   and   Henry? 

Charles: 
No.     But  no  news  must  mean  that  they  are  nearly  home. 

Verendrye: 
Oh.  to  have  them  here,  to  tell  them  the  good  news,  to  plan  with  them 
this  new  expedition!     [The  doctor  approaches.    Charles  greets  him.] 

Charles: 
The  doctor  has  come,  father. 

Verendrye: 

He  picks  up  a  map  from  the  table  and  appears  deeply  in- 
terested. 

Tell  him  Tm  too  busy  to  see  him. 


The  Third  Part:  Verendrye 

The  Doctor: 

He  takes  the  map  from  his  hand  and  places  it  on  the  table. 

Nonsense,  Captain!     I'm  not  to  be  put  off  for  a  map! 

Verendr\)e  submits  listlessly  to   the   doctor's   examination 
and  questions.     The  doctor  is  very  serious. 
At  this  moment,  Pierre  and  Henry  appear,  having  just 
returned  from  their  quest  for  the  Western  Sea. 

Verendrye: 

He  is  very  much  excited,  and  clings  to  their  hands. 
At  last!     At  last! 

They  are  greatly  shocked  at  their  father's  changed  appear- 
ance, and  at  a  warning  gesture  from  the  doctor,  they  try  to 
quiet  him. 

Verendrye : 

Oh,  the  good  news!     The  good  news!     The  king  has  at  last  author- 
ized me  to  search  for  the  Western  Sea. 

Charles: 

Angry  at  the  rvay  France  has  treated  his  father,  he  breaks 
in  in  disgust. 

Yes,  but  at  his  own  expense. 

Verendrye : 

7*00  much  taken  up  with  his  plans  to  heed,  he  goes  right 
on. 

The  supplies   are  ready.      I   have  mapped  out   the   route.      AH   is 
prepared. 

Pierre  and  Henry  look  at  the  doctor,  who,  standing  behind 
Verendrye's  chair,  shakes  his  head. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North -West 

Verendrye: 
Impatiently^ 
Tell  us  of  your  success. 

Pierre : 
He  seats  himself  on  the  table  h}f  his  father. 
After  leaving  you,  father,  we  travelled  in  a  southwesterly  direction 
for  two  or  three  days.     We  came  to  a  fort,  and  there  found  a  band 
of  friendly  Mandans,  who  urged  us  to  remain  with  them. 

Verendrye: 
Eagerly, 
How  large  a  settlement? 

Pierre  : 
Not  very  large,  but  some  French  towns  would  do  well  to  take  it 
as  a  model;  streets  straight  and  orderly,  and  swept  bare  and  clean. 
We  learned  more  of  the  westward   flowing  river  we  sought.        It 
flows  there  straight  to  the  sea,  southwest  by  west. 

Henry: 
Excitedly, 
You  see!     That  is  a  sure  route  to  the  Western  Sea;  all  other  rivers 
or  lakes  we  know  of  flow  into  Hudson  Bay  or  the  North  Sea. 

Verendrye: 
Incredulously, 
But  does  the  river  surely  flow  to  the  West? 

Henry: 
Yes,  indeed!     We  have  definite  information  on  that  point.     It  flows 
rapidly,  but  has  many  shoals.     And  it  is  so  muddy  and  sulphurous 


The  Third  Part:  Verendrye 

that  the  Indians  cannot  drink  the  water.  And  white  men  dwell  on 
the  lower  end  of  this  river;  they  make  cloth  and  linen,  and  war  con- 
tinually. 

Verendrye : 
He  speaks  excitedl]),  emphasizing  with  his  finger. 
Those  are  undoubtedly  the  Spaniards! 

Henry; 
We  thought  so  from  the  description. 

Pierre: 

We  could  gain  no  more  information  from  them,  though  they  were 
anxious  to  help  us. 

Verendrye : 
Strengthened  fcj?  his  excitement^  he  stands  erect. 
Great  news!      My  boy,  what  you  have  learned  is  of  untold  value! 
My  sons,  you  are  the  discoverers  of  the  river  which  will  link  the 
Atlantic  with  the  great  Western  Sea. 

The  effort  is  too  much  for  him.     He  totters^  and  Charles 
helps  him  to  his  chair. 

Verendrye: 
I'm  all  right,   go  on,   Pierre. 

Pierre  : 

With  two  Mandans  for  guides,  we  travelled  through  marvelous  lands 
where  the  earths  were  of  different  colors:  blue,  green,  red  or  black, 
yellow  or  white — bad  lands.  After  twenty  days  we  reached  a  vil- 
lage of  the  Crows. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

Henry: 
Disgustedly^ 

Yes,  and  then  those  "trusty"  guides  deserted  us. 

Pierre: 

Leaving  there,  we  met  a  band  of  Bow  Indians  on  the  war  path  for 
the  Snakes.  They  were  headed  for  the  great  Western  Range,  of 
which  we'd  heard  so  much,  so  we  joined  them.  Soon  we  saw  those 
marvelous  mountains — great,  high,  rugged  peaks  of  bright  stones. 

Henry: 
Enthusiasticall}), 
Oh,  you  should  have  seen  them — their  peaks  covered  with  snow  and 
glistening  in  the  sun.     Thick  forests  of  mammoth  fir  and  pine  cov- 
ered the  slopes. 

VeRENDRYE  : 
To  have  seen  it!     But  I  shall!     I  shall! 

Pierre  : 
If  only  we  could  have  reached  their  summit  I  feel  sure  we  should 
have  seen  the  Great  Sea  stretching  out  before  us.  [Verendryje 
braces  himself  b})  his  chair-arms,  and  leans  forivard  straining  to  watch 
Pierre.  But  those  crazy  Indians,  seeing  a  deserted  camp  of  their 
deadly  foe,  the  Snakes,  turned  tail  and  ran  like  so  many  scared 
rabbits. 

At  this  Verendr'^e  collapses.  The  brave  old  vo}fageur 
seems  to  foresee  the  doom  that  overshadows  his  life- 
ambition. 

Doctor : 

Charles,  you  had  better  go  for  a  priest. 

Charles  goes  out. 


The  Third  Part:  Verendrye 

Verendrye ! 
Reviving  a   little. 
So  near  success,  so  near — but  we  will  succeed  yet.    If  I  cannot,  my 
sons 

Pierre  : 
Trying  to  quiet  him. 
Of  course  we  shall,  father.     Don't  overdo  now — save  yourself. 

Verendrye: 

Yes,  yes,   I  must.     I  will [He  tries  in  vain  to  unbutton  his 

coat  evidently  feeling  for  something.]  My — my — cross — of — St. 
Louis.  [Henr}^  takes  the  cross^  gives  it  into  his  hands.  Verendrye 
holds  it  up  weakh*  anJ  tries  to  speal^,  but  failing,  presses  it  to 
his  lips.  The  priest  and  Charles  enter.  All  stand  about  si7en//p, 
rvatching  him  as  he  presses  the  medal  to  his  heart. 

Doctor : 
It  is  time  to  go  in  now.  Captain. 

Verendrye : 

He  leans  heavily  for  support. 

This  is  nothing,   I'm — I'm  just  a   little [He  forces   himself 

to  stand  erect  almost  unsupported.  A  light  comes  into  his  epes; 
and  he  turns  to  his  sons]  You  shall  yet,  my  sons,  prove  my  un- 
selfishness, my  true  ambition  to  discover  the  Western  Sea  for  the 
glory   of   the  king   and   the   welfare   of   France. 

Gently  the  Doctor  and  Charles  lead  the  broken  man  into 
the  house.  Pierre  and  Henry  start  to  follow,  but  the 
priest  halts  them.  The  brothers  turn  toward  each  other 
and,  full  of  emotion,  clasp  hands. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

Pierre  : 
Our  father  will  lead  no  more  expeditions,  mon  frere,  but  his  great 
spirit  must  live  on.     We,  his  sons,  must  carry  out  his  ambition  to 
reach  the  Western  Sea — for  the  glory  of  the  king  and  the  welfare 
of  France. 

Henry: 
For  the  glory  of  the  king  and  the  welfare  of  France. 

The  priest  leads  the  l»ap  after  Verendrye  into  the  house. 


fomt0  nni  (Hhvk 


"What  Lewis  and  Clark  l^id  open  is  a  world 
upon  which  nature  has  lavished  her  bounties.  The 
present  fruition  is  scarcely  calculable;  the  hope  for 
the  future  is  boundless. 

— Hosmer. 


THE  SONG  OF  THE  BIRD  WOMAN 

To   be  chanted  6p  the  SPIRIT  OF  PROPHECY  and  the 
Attending  Spirits 

L 

Sleep,  sleep,  little  Indian  maiden. 
Sleep,  sleep,  for  the  breeze  is  laden 
With  the  perfume  of  the  pine, 
With  the  perfume  of  the  pine. 

Sleep,  sleep,  for  the  sun  is  sinking. 
Sleep,  sleep,   for  the  stars  are  blinking 
On  the  leaves  and  on  the  vine. 
On  the  leaves  and  on  the  vine. 

11. 

Watch,    watch,    stealthy,    silent   savage. 
Watch,  watch,  lest  the  dread  foe  ravage. 
Lest   the  enemy  draw  nigh; 
Lest  the  enemy  draw  nigh. 

Watch,  watch,  for  the  pine  is  moaning. 
Watch,  watch,    for  the  trees   are  groaning. 
And  the  winds  give  forth  a  sigh; 
And  the  winds  give  forth  a  sigh. 

III. 

Wake,  wake,    for  the  lodge  is  burning. 
Wake,  wake,  for  the  blaze  is  turning 
All  the  black   night   into  day. 
All  the  black  night  into  day. 

Wake,  wake,  'tis  the  wounded  crying. 
Wake,  wake,  'tis  thy  mother  dying. 
For   the   foe  have  won   the   fray; 
For  the  foe  have  won  the  fray. 


IV. 

Toil,  toil,  for  thy  lot  is  slavery. 
Toil,  toil,  bear  thy  fate  with  bravery. 
For  release  is  drawing  nigh; 
For  release  is  drawing  nigh. 

Toil,  toil,  guide  the  white  men  thither, 
Toil,  toil,  till  thou  reach  the  river. 
Till  thou  reach  the  Western  Sea ; 
Till  thou  reach  the  Western  Sea. 

V. 

Sleep,  sleep,  gentle  mother,  slumber; 
Sleep,  sleep,  with  the  countless  number; 
We  will  not  forget  thy  name; 
We  will  not  forget  thy  name. 

Sleep,  sleep,  where  the  pine  is  sighing. 
Sleep,  sleep,  where  the  winds  are  dying. 
Where  the  brook  sings  of  thy  fame; 
Where  the  brook  sings  of  thy  fame. 


©Ilf  Jffourtii  fart:  IC^mia  mh  Qllark 

The  Lewis  and  Clark  Expedition.     1804-06. 

Scene:   Fort  Mandan   on   the  Missouri,   near   the   site   of  Stanton, 
North  Dakota. 

An  Indian  harvest  celebration.  It  is  just  after  the  corn  gather- 
ing, and  the  Mandans  have  been  plentifully  blessed  by  the  Great 
Spirit.  As  a  sign  of  Thanksgiving,  they  are  having  one  of  their 
ancient  ceremonial  dances.  But  beyond  the  mere  festal  atmosphere 
there  is  an  added  note  of  excitement  prevalent,  for  on  the  preceding 
day  a  strange  company  of  white  men  had  arrived — none  other 
than  the  members  of  the  famous  Lew^is  and  Clark  expedition,  which 
had  proceeded  thus  far  on  its  memorable  journey.  Their  com- 
ing is  a  great  event  in  the  history  of  the  village,  and  members 
of  other  tribes  have  been  summoned  to  appear  at  a  grand  council 
which  is  to  be  held  in  honor  of  Lewis  and  Clark.  During  the  fes- 
tivities horsemen  are  descried  in  the  distance,  who,  on  nearer  approach, 
prove  to  be  chiefs  of  various  tribes.  On  their  arrival  they  are 
welcomed  by  Sheheke  and  Black  Cat,  sachems  of  the  Mandans. 
An  Indian  lad  is  bidden  to  inform  Lewis  and  Clark  of  the  guests' 
arrival.  All  is  now  in  readiness  for  the  grand  council,  which  is  an- 
nounced by  the  shot  of  a  gun.  The  entire  company  then  proceed 
to  the  shelter  of  boughs  which  has  been  prepared  for  the  assembly. 
The  women  at  their  corn-grinding  and  the  children  playing  in  the 
streets  cease  their  activities  to  gaze  in  awe  and  admiration  on  the 
dignified  Lewis  and  Clark  and  their  attending  sergeants  and  privates. 

When  all  have  arrived,  they  seat  themselves  in  a  semi-circle 
around  a  pile  of  gifts,  beads,  bright  blankets,  utensils,  etc.,  placed 
there  by  the  white  men.  Those  present  are  Captains  Lewis  and 
Clark,  occupying  the  chief  positions,  Sheheke  and  Black  Cat,  sachems 
of  the  Mandans;   Black  Moccasin,  chief  of  the  Minnetaree;  Chief 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

Lighting  Crow  of  the  Aricara;  Eagle*s  Feather,  Little  Raven,  and 
Black  Buffalo,  lesser  Indian  sagamores;  John  Ordway,  Nathaniel 
Pryor,  and  Patrick  Gass,  sergeants;  John  Colter,  Robert  Frazier, 
Rueben  Field,  Hugh  Hall,  and  Richard  Windsor,  privates;  Char- 
bonneau  and  Jessuame,  interpreters.  The  pipe  of  peace  is  solemnly 
extended  by  Sheheke,  the  Mandan,  to  Lewis  and  Clark,  who  smoke 
it,  and  pass  it  on  to  the  other  members  of  the  company.  In  due 
time  Captain  Lewis  rises  to  speak. 

Captain  Lewis: 
We  have  come  to  you  from  the  Great  Father,  many  miles  to  the 
East.  Reports  came  to  him  of  your  fine  villages,  of  your  many 
people,  of  your  bravery,  and  of  your  great  stores  of  corn  and  tobac- 
co. The  Great  Father  wanted  to  know  more  of  you;  so  he 
planned  this  expedition  and  supplied  us  with  guns,  hatchets,  beads, 
and  knives.  These  we  will  give  you  if  you  will  be  his  friends  and 
help  him  in  what  he  wants  to  do.  We  want  to  find  the  best  route 
from  here  to  the  Great  Water  on  the  West,  that  we  may  trade 
with  you  and  with  other  nations.  (Interpreter.) 
This  spring  we  set  out  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  On  our  way 
we  have  made  friends  with  the  Pav^Tiees,  the  Mohas,  the  Missouris, 
and  Ottoes,  and  many  other  tribes.  As  the  days  grew  shorter  and 
the  leaves  began  to  fall,  we  knew  that  winter  was  coming  and  we 
made  haste  to  reach  your  villages.  We  will  help  you  make  friends 
with  your  most  dreaded  enemies,  the  Sioux.  You  can  all  live  as 
children  of  one  father  in  this  rich  and  beautiful  river  country,  and 
be  at  peace  through  all  the  years.  With  your  permission  we  will 
make  our  winter  camp  here,  and  stay  until  the  ice  breaks,  and  spring 
comes.      (Interpreter,) 

Black  Cat: 

I  see  the  two  sons  of  my  Great  Father.      [Gestures  toward  them.] 
We  are  glad  to  welcome  you  to  our  villages  and  to  help  you  in 


The  Fourth  Part:  Lewis  and  Clark 

any  way  we  can.  It  will  give  us  great  joy  if  you  will  remain  with 
us  till  the  ice  goes  down  the  river  in  the  spring.  We  are  tired  of 
warfare  with  the  Sioux;  if  you  will  stay  with  us  and  help  us,  we 
will  make  peace  with  them  and  with  all  our  neighbors.  (Interpreter,) 

Captain  Clark: 
Rising. 
We  are  glad  that  the  Great  Father  sent  us  to  you.  We  will  smoke 
with  you  as  friends  and  brothers,  and  eat  with  you  in  your  lodges. 
We  know  that  many  tribes  come  to  you  for  corn  and  tobacco.  You 
have  been  trading  your  furs  and  hides  to  the  north;  now  you  must 
send  them  south  to  us.      (Interpreter.) 

At  this  point  Laroche  and  Henderson  of  the  Northwest 
Company  enter  on  horseback  and  McCracken  and  Haney 
of  the  Hudson's  Ba\)  Company^,  tp  canoes,  accompanied 
by  an  Indian  guide. 

We  need  the  guides  to  help  us  cross  the  mountains.  When  we  come 
back  the  Great  Father  would  like  some  of  you  to  go  to  Washington 
with  us.  There  you  will  see  that  our  people  are  more  numerous 
than  the  blades  of  grass  on  the  prairie.  Be  sure  that  some  one  is 
ready  to  go  back  with  us  when  we  return.      (Interpreter.) 

Black  Moccasin,  the  Minnetaree: 

Your  friendly  words  are  grateful  to  the  Minnetaree.  We  much  ad- 
mire the  sons  of  the  Great  Father.  We  think  them  very  wise  and 
brave.  We  wish  to  help  them  all  we  can.  If  they  will  trade  with 
us,  it  will  make  our  hearts  glad  for  we  need  their  guns  and  knives. 
(Interpreter.) 

Captain  Lewis: 

To  the  traders. 

We  see  that  a  number  of  our  neighbors  of  the  Northwest  Company 

and  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  are  present.    We  hear  that  you 

have  circulated  unfavorable  reports  concerning  us  among  the  Indians; 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

also  that  you  have  distributed  British  flags  and  medals  among  the 
tribes.  We  wish  to  preserve  friendly  relations  with  you  as  far  as 
possible,  and  should  like  to  hear  what  you  have  to  say^ 

McCracken,  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company: 
We  did  not  know  that  such  false  stories  were  being  circulated.     We 
came  here  because  no  one  else  was  here,  and  the  Indians  needed 
supplies.     We  don't  wish  to  compete  with  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, and  we  shall  be  glad  to  withdraw  from  their  territory. 

Laroche,  of  the  Northwest  Company: 

The  Northwest  Company  has  traded  in  this  territory  because  the 
Indians  invited  us  and  because  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  was  in 
the  field.  We  did  not  know  the  exact  boundary  of  Louisiana,  nor 
did  we  know  that  we  were  infringing  on  United  States  territory. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  trader's  remarks  a  gim  shot  announces 
the  end  of  the  formal  council.  The  gifts,  which  have  long  been 
the  center  of  interest,  are  now  distributed.  United  States  flags,  and 
medals  bearing  the  image  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  are  given  to  all; 
fire-arms,  knives,  blankets,  hatchets,  beads,  and  shirts  are  also  re- 
ceived with  delight  by  the  Indians.  As  a  mark  of  special  esteem, 
an  iron  corn  mill  is  presented  to  Black  Cat,  the  Mandan,  who,  in 
turn,  makes  a  gift  of  a  handsome  bow  and  arrow  to  Captain  Lewis. 
Grunts  of  satisfaction  are  continually  heard  from  the  Indians. 
Sheheke  is  very  desirous  of  going  to  Washington,  and  informs  Lewis 
that  on  the  expedition's  return  he  will  do  so. 

At  the  request  of  Black  Moccasin,  York,  the  negro  ser\'ant 
of  Clark,  is  summoned.  All  the  way  from  Clark's  tent  to  the  shelter 
he  is  attended  by  an  admiring  crowd  of  Mandan  women  and  chil- 
dren, who  have  never  seen  so  strange  and  handsome  a  creature. 
On  reaching  the  assembly  the  chiefs  and  warriors  also  crowd  around 
him,  marveling  at  his  rich,  dark  coloring  and  even  wetting  the  tips 
of  their  fingers  and  rubbing  them  on  his  face  to  see  if  the  color  will 
come  off. 


The  Fourth  Part:  Lewis  and  Clark 

When  the  novelty  of  the  negro's  appearance  has  somewhat  di- 
minished, McCracken,  the  trader,  with  much  spirit,  dances  the  Scotch 
sword  dance  for  the  amusement  of  the  Indians.  Mr.  Jessuame  educes 
a  lively  musical  accompaniment  from  the  fiddle,  which  he  has  brought 
with  him  on  the  expedition.  The  whole  performance  seems  quite 
marvelous  to  the  native  audience,  and  there  are  many  grunts  of  won- 
der and  appreciation. 

Charbonneau  is  now  seen  in  conference  with  the  traders.  His 
wife,  Sakakawea,  has  entered  the  shelter,  and  stands  watching  him 
intently.  She  knows  full  well  how  unscrupulous  he  is,  and  evidently 
fears  that  some  doubtful  bargain  is  being  driven.  Her  fears  seem 
to  be  well  grounded,  for  presently  he  goes  over  to  Lewis  and  Clark. 

Charbonneau: 
You  go  too  far  for  me — one  pretty  long  journey — lots  of  work — 
maybe  we  get  killed — maybe  freeze.     I  not  go  with  you  unless  I 
come  back  when  I  want  to. 

Captain  Clark: 
With  disgust  and  indifference. 
When  we  hired  you,  you  understood  the  terms.     We  offered  you 
$500  to  go  with  us  as  interpreter.     If  you  don't  want  the  money 
there  are  plenty  who  do.     We'll  get  some  one  else. 

Charbonneau  goes  off  in  wounded  pride  to  Sa^akarvea. 
When  she  hears  of  his  proposal  to  leave  the  expedition^ 
she  berates  him  soundly  as  onl})  an  Indian  woman  can. 
After  a  severe  scolding  she  succeeds  in  making  him  prom- 
ise to  go  with  Lewis  and  Clark-    He  then  returns  to  them. 

Charbonneau: 
I  think  now  I  go  with  you.     I  good  interpreter  and  need  the  money. 

Captain  Lewis: 
Very  well,  then,  we  engage  you  again  as  interpreter.     See  that  you 
behave  yourself. 


A  Pageant  of  the  North-West 

SakakaJvea  knorvs  that  she  will  accompany^  her  husband 
and  that  the  expedition  must  pass  through  the  country 
of  the  ShoshoneSf  her  native  tribe,  on  their  way  to  the 
Pacific.  Overjoyed  at  the  prospect  of  thus  returning  to 
the  home  of  her  childhood,  she  gives  words  to  her  feelings, 
crooning  softly  to  her  child. 

SAKAKAWEA'S  CHANT 
(In  Hidatsa.) 

Hi-di  a-du-ma-kuats,  ma-ta  a-wa-ha-mi  se-ta, 
A-wa-ha-ku-pi  o-da-ka-pa-ki  it-o-da-ku-ta, 
To-du  mi-i-a-wa-tu-hets  a-wa-a-du-si-pi-kua, 
Ma-tu-as  it-a-wa-ma-kuk  dok-te-o-du-sak  se-ta. 

Ti-a  hi-do-o  a-wa-a-du-tsi-di-a-kua  wa-wa-kuts 
Ma-da-ta   tsa-ki-tats,   ma-de-hi-ka-ti  wa-dets. 
Tsa-ka-ka    mi-a-wi-kuts-duk    mi-hi-se    a-was-kets. 
Pa-tsi-ta-ta  hu-tsi  a-de  se-ta  ki-de  ma-i-hets. 

A-wa-ha-wi  it-o-ki-du  a-wa-ma-ku  a-ma-hu-se 
Ma-tsi  o  hi-do-o  a-ku-ki-e-de-tsi. 
So-so-ni,  doh-pa-ka  Ma-ho-pa  a-ku-ki-de-sits 
I-ta-wa  a-de  se-ki-ta  mak-ma-kua-mits.* 

The  call  of  the  Herald* s  trumpet  is  answered  by  the  stately 
Spirit  of  Prophecy  who  chants  the  Epilogue. 

•Now   I   shall    gro   home   ag^aln,   home   to    my    mountains, 
Home  to  the  plains  of  the  fair  Seg^o   lily, 
Home   to  the  forests  and  tepees   of  childhood, 
Home  to  the  hills  and  cliff-grraves  of  my  Fathers. 

The  years   have  been   bleak  in  this  cold  prairie  country. 
My  heart  has  grrown  restless,  my  feet  have  grown  weary; 
As  birds  fain  would  fly  from  the  southland  in  springtime, 
I've  yearned  for  my   home   when  the  soft   Chinook  called   me. 

Across   the    g-reat   Tetons   and   Wind  River   Ranges, 
Through  canyons  and  passes,  these  brave  men  will  travel, 
Till  I  lead  them  at  last  to  the  warm  sheltered  valleys, 
Where   dwell   the   Shoshone,    loved    by    the   Great    Spirit. 


The  Spirit  of  Prophecy: 

In  me,  I  beg  of  you,  revere  the  prophet. 

And  listen  to  my  words  with  ears  attentive; 

For  clearly  as  the  Seer  saw  New  Jerusalem 

Descending  from  the  clouds,  I  too,  see  visions. 

This  barren  waste,  this  mighty  wilderness, 

Which  steretches  on  and  on  from  sea  to  sea, 

Shall  be  the  dwelling  place  of  multitudes; 

A  people,  mighty  in  strength  shall  till  the  soil. 

And  cause  the  desert  and  the  swamp  to  bear. 

Cities  shall  rise  where  scattered  wigwams  stood. 

And  merchants,  plying  their  trade  from  place  to  place. 

Shall  bind  the  distant  city  to  the  near. 

Strangers  from  every  land  shall  come  to  make 

Their  homes  among  you.     The  oppressed,  the  weary. 

Shall  find  new  life,  joy,  contentment,  peace. 

But  before  that  day,   battles  shall  rage. 

And  brothers  by  their  brothers  shall  be  slain; 

The  bond  that  binds  you  tested  for  its  strength. 

The  firmness  of  your  union  tried  with  fire. 

But  when  the  conflict  ceases,  when  the  slave 

Is  loosed,  behold  your  nation  shall  emerge 

From  out   the  smoke  of  battle  glorified. 

The  cloud  of  war  which  overspread  the  sun 

Shall  pass,  and  in  the  bright  new  day,  he 

Who  but  lately  fought,  shall  guide  the  plow  again. 

Now  mark  me  well — he  who  survives  till  this 

Shall  feel  within   his  soul  new  spirit  born; 

And  he  who  lately  builded  freedom's  fire 


Shall  be  the  champion  of  democracy. 

The  time  of  war  and  blood  shall  be  no  more; 

The  time  of  hate  and  murder  be   forgot. 

In  arts  of  peace,  the  wise  men  shall  instruct. 

And  he  who  once  was  reckoned  rich  and  proud 

Shall  then  brush  elbows  with  the  humble  poor. 

This  duty  do  I  leave  you,  gentle  friends. 

This  duty  deep  and  mighty  at  our  parting. 

To  scatter  love  where  naught  but  hate  is  growing; 

To  scatter  peace  where  war's  red  blaze  is  glowing; 

To  raise  your  hearts  above  the  wrongs  of  strife; 

To  lift  your  souls  above  the  woes  of  life; 

To  serve,  though  what  you  do  be  unrepaid ; 

To  face  tomorrow  trustful,  unafraid. 

The  Pageant  is  concluded  b^  a  Grand  Parade  of  all  the  characters, 
the  hand  playing  **The  Star-Spangled  Banner,**  the  audience  rising 
to  sing. 


I 


PROFESSOR  FREDERICK  H.  KOCH 
Founder  and  Director  of  the  Sock  and  Buskin  Society 


Sti?  Bath  mh  luakin  ^ortftg 

B^  William  Whitford 

*'To  study  the  literature  of  the  drama;  to  promote  the  art  of 
the  theatre,  by  the  discussion  of  good  plays ;  to  stimulate  and  develop 
higher  ideals  for  the  drama  in  America;  and  to  initiate  a  movement 
for  establishing,  as  soon  as  practicable,  a  University  theatre  in  the 
University  of  North  Dakota,"  is  the  high  aim  of  the  Sock  and  Buskin 
Society.  At  the  invitation  of  Professor  Frederick  H.  Koch  of  the 
Department  of  English,  a  number  of  congenial  spirits,  representative 
of  the  faculty  and  student  body,  met  on  January  3,  1 9 1 0,  to  perfect 
the  organization  of  the  Sock  and  Buskin  Society  of  the  University  of 
North  Dakota.  Two  weeks  later  the  first  meeting  of  the  society  was 
held  at  the  President' s-House-on-the-Campus.  The  paper  of  the 
evening,  "The  Theatre:  Its  Origin  and  End,"  was  presented  by  Pro- 
fessor Koch. 

As  first  organized  the  society  was  composed  of  thirty  active  mem- 
bers, fifteen  from  the  faculty  and  fifteen  from  the  student  body;  but 
owing  to  the  unusual  interest  shown  the  membership  was  later  in- 
creased to  forty.  In  order  to  become  a  member  of  the  society  the  can- 
didate must  pass  one  of  two  tests — he  must  either  write  an  acceptable 
piece  of  dramatic  criticism  or  he  must  present,  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
membership  committee,  a  scene  from  dramatic  literature.  In  this 
way  two  types  of  members  are  secured — first,  those  of  critical 
ability  and  second,  those  of  histrionic  talent.  The  success  of  the 
society,  both  in  its  private  and  public  performances,  is  due  to  the 
co-operation  of  its  two  kinds  of  members.  In  addition  to  active 
membership,  the  society  has  an  honorary  membership,  composed  of 
certain  of  its  distinguished  visitors,  among  them  Mr.  William  Faver- 
sham,  the  distinguished  Shakespearean  actor-manager;  Mr.  Henry 
Lawrence  Southwick,  President  of  the  Emerson  College  of  Oratory 
of  Boston;  and  Miss  Marguerite  Curtis,  dramatic  critic  of  the  Lon- 
don Daily  Telegraph. 


The  Sock  and  Buskin  Society 

The  society  is  at  present  studying  the  development  of  the  mod- 
ern drama.  The  program  of  each  meeting  is  composed  of  a  critical 
review  of  a  particular  playwright  and  the  presentation  of  represen- 
tative scenes  from  his  works.  For  instance,  when  the  work  of 
Charles  Rann  Kennedy  was  studied,  with  the  critical  essay  was 
given  a  performance  of  *'The  Terrible  Meek,"  together  with  scenes 
from  "The  Winter  Feast"  and  "The  Necessary  Evil."  To  this 
combination  of  exposition  and  illustration  in  all  the  programs,  the 
rapid  progress  of  the  society  has  been  due. 

A  custom  established  this  year  is  the  Twelfth  Night  Revels, 
held  on  the  twelfth  night  after  Christmas.  The  spirit  of  the  occa- 
sion is  well  kept  in  the  original  pantomimes,  dialogues  and  ballads 
given  by  the  members. 

All  meetings  of  the  society  are  open  to  visitors.  Besides,  each 
year  a  performance  of  some  significant  play  is  offered  the  public. 
The  first  of  these  performances  was  Shakespeare's  delightful  comedy, 
"Twelfth  Night,"  presented  on  June  3,  1910,  during  commence- 
ment week.  The  play  was  staged  upon  the  University  Campus, 
under  ideal  weather  conditions,  before  an  audience  of  six  hundred 
people.  Aside  from  the  splendid  acting,  the  production  was  un- 
usually significant  because  of  the  fact  that  it  was  the  first  open-air 
performance  of  its  kind  ever  given  at  the  University  or  in  the  State  of 
North  Dakota. 

The  second  public  performance  was  a  revival  of  the  impressive 
Morality  Play,  "Everyman,"  unique  in  its  presentation  because  of 
the  cathedral  scene,  especially  designed  by  one  of  the  members  of 
the  society.  Professor  Koch  in  the  title  role  gave  a  delineation  of 
the  character  declared  by  many  who  had  heard  both,  comparable 
and  in  many  ways,  superior  to  the  Ben  Greet  interpretation.  The 
third  play,  produced  by  the  society  in  1912  was  "Nathan  Hale," 
a  patriotic  drama  by  Clyde  Fitch.     The  play  was  offered  because 


The  Sock  and  Buskin  Society 

of  its  historical  interest,  and  because  it  was  written  by  an  American 
dramatist.  Due  consideration  was  paid  to  the  one-act  movement 
in  the  drama,  when  in  1913,  the  society  placed  before  the  public 
three  Irish  plays.  The  plays  chosen  for  the  production  were  Lady 
Gregory's  comedy,  "Spreading  the  News,"  William  Butler  Yeats' 
poetic  morality  play,  "The  Hour  Glass,"  and  John  M.  Synge's 
poignant  tragedy  of  the  fisher- folk  of  the  Aran  Islands,  "Riders  to 
the  Sea."  This  year  the  society  gave  as  its  annual  public  per- 
formance Henrik  Ibsen's  significant  social  drama,  "Little  Eyolf." 
The  success  of  this  ambitious  effort  was  a  notable  achievement. 

While  the  society  has  been  engaged  in  the  criticism  and  pre- 
sentation of  plays,  it  has  been  accumulating  a  considerable  library 
of  modern  dramatic  literature.  It  has  allied  itself  with  the  Drama 
League  of  America,  the  most  active  organization  at  the  present 
time,  working  for  the  uplift  of  the  drama.  The  director  of  the 
society.  Professor  Koch,  besides  being  *he  state  representative  of  the 
League  is  one  of  its  national  propaganda  speakers. 

In  the  composition  and  presentation  of  "A  Pageant  of  the 
North- West,"  the  society  has  undertaken  a  piece  of  work  which 
at  first  seemed  almost  impossible.  It  was  only  through  the  en- 
thusiastic cooperation  of  eighteen  members  of  the  society,  directed  by 
Professor  Koch  and  aided  by  Professor  Libby,  that  a  pageant  was 
possible.  The  pageant  was  written  in  four  parts, — each  part 
by  a  group  of  four  undergraduate  students.  The  Prologue, 
the  Epilogue,  and  the  Interlude  were  written  by  Mr.  Cecil  A. 
McKay;  the  music  was  composed  by  Miss  Margaret  Plank.  This 
communal  method  of  composition  is  probably  without  a  precedent  in 
the  history  of  pageant  literature.  It  is  distinctly  a  social  method  of 
production,  and  it  is  altogether  fitting  that  its  presenation  should 
serve  as  the  dedication  of  The  Bankside  Theatre,  on  the  banks  of 
the  English  Coulee  at  the  University. 

The  Sock  and  Buskin  Society  is  thus,  in  a  sense,  a  laboratory  of 
dramatic  literature.  Through  the  enacting  of  representative  plays, 
by  critical  analyses,  and  reviews,  and  by  constructive  practice  in 
play  making,  the  society  is  helping  to  prepare  the  way  for  a  New 
A»merican  Drama. 


( 


Active  Members 


Alexander,  Helen. 
Anderson,  Cuyler. 
Bacon,  Hume. 
Balch,  Flora. 
Bek.  William 
Benson,   George. 
Bowman,  Anne. 
Brush,   Henry. 

Chase,   Majel. 
Cook,  Morrill. 
Duggan,   Louise. 
Gallup,   Florence. 
Gronna,    Amy. 
Halcrow,   Ethel. 
Hansen,  ClilTord. 
Hanson,  Mabel. 
Hedrick,  Blanche. 
Hixon,  Catherine. 
Huston,  Howard. 

Johnston,  Wesley. 

Kelsey,  Vera. 
Koch,  Frederick. 
Koch,    Mr's.    Frederick. 
Kolars,    Margaret. 
Koucky,  Joseph. 

Larson,  Randall. 
Leine,  Inga. 


Londergan,   Johanna. 
Lord,  Vine. 

McKay,  Cecil. 
Murphy,  Eva. 

O'Keefe,  Genevieve. 

Poupoi'e,    Anne. 
Plank,   Margaret. 

Rohde,  Else. 
Rutherford,   Merle. 

Schlosser,  Walter. 
Schwam,    Harry. 
Serumgard,  Inez. 
Severson,  Emma. 
Shaft.  Arthur. 
South,  Harry. 
Stomner,  Alvin. 

Taylor,  John  Adams. 
Talcott,   Porter. 

Webster,    Horace. 
Whelan,   Thomas. 
Whitford,   William. 
Williams,    Inis. 
Wolff,  Herman. 
Wright,  Avice. 


Graduate   Members 


Acker,  Iver. 
Anderson,  Maxwell. 

Bacon,  William 
Barrington,   Elgie. 
Batten,  Annabel. 
Boyson,  Christine. 
Brekke,  Frank 
Budge,  Jessie. 

Chase,  Russell. 
Covert,  Emily. 
Craig,  Raymond. 
Crary,    Burton. 
Cunningham,   Gertrude. 

Dickson,   Allie. 
Dresser,   William. 

Egelhoff,   Clarence. 

Fisher,  Lawrence. 
Flynn,   Ellen. 
Fritz,   Chester. 

Halvorson,    Orpheus. 
Haskett,  Margaret. 
Helmer,  Beatrice. 
Helmer,  Myrtle. 
Hickman,    Emma. 
Hofto,  Jacob. 
Houghton,  Theodosia. 
Howland,  Garth. 

Irwin,  Temple. 

Jacobi,  Geraldine. 
Jacobstein,  Meyer. 
Jacobstein,  Mrs.  Meyer. 

Kamplin,  Rheinhart. 


Kaufman,  Ethel. 
Kennedy,  James. 
Kneeshaw,    Pauline. 
Kneeshaw,   Stanley. 
Kolars,  Alice. 

LeDaum,  Henri. 
Linwell,  Delia. 
Londergan,  Edith. 

Mcllraith,   Annie. 
Major,  Maude. 
Meacham,   Genevieve. 

Netcher,  Arthur. 

Oeschger,    Gretchen. 

Page,  Hollis. 
Peterson,   Lola. 
Plank,    Lawrence. 

Quirke,   Terence. 

Ruud,   Martin. 

Sly  field,  Frederick. 
Slyfield,  Mrs.  Frederick. 
Steinbar,    Minnie. 

Thompson,   Roy. 
Torgerson,    William. 
Turner,   Echo. 
Tweto,  Alma. 
Trotter,   Winnifred. 
Turner,    Genevieve. 

Veitch,   Bemice. 

Werner,    Ruth. 
Williams,  Florence. 
Wolff,   Clarence. 


Oli;^  &0rk  and  %UBkut  S^omty 

Honorary)  Members 

Baker,  George  Pierce,  Professor  of  Dramatic  Literature,  Harvard 
University. 

Burton,  Richard,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  University  of 
Minnesota. 

Collier,  Constance,  Shakespearean  Actress,  London,  Engalnd. 

Curtis,   Marguerite,   Dramatic  Critic,   London,   England. 

Durand,  Ada,   Librarian,  Grand  Forks. 

Faversham,  William,  Shakespearean  Actor-manager,  New  York. 

Fulton,  Ella  Louise,  Department  of  English,  University  of  North 
Dakota. 

Gillette,  John  Morris,  Department  of  Sociology,  University  of  North 
Dakota. 

Hult,  Gottfried,  Department  of  Greek,  University  of  North  Dakota. 

Kennedy.  Joseph,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Education,  University  of 
North  Dakota. 

Kingsbury,  Nella,  Department  of  Expression,  Wesley  College,  Uni- 
versity of  North  Dakota. 

Libby,  Orin  Grant,  Department  of  History,  University  of  North 
Dakota. 

McVey,  Frank  LeRond,  President  of  the  University  of  North 
Dakota. 

McVey,  Mrs.  Frank  LeRond,  University  of  North  Dakota. 

Myers,  Gus,  Manager  of  the  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  Grand 
Forks. 

Myrben,  Mrs.  Christine   Nielson,  Actress,   New  York. 

Norton,  William  Wellington,  Department  of  Music,  University  of 
North  Dakota. 

Southwick,  Henry  Lawrence,  President  of  Emerson  College  of  Ora- 
tory,   Boston. 

Squires,  Vernon  Purinton,  Dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts, 
University   of   North  Dakota. 

Sumner,  Clarence  Wesley,   Librarian,  University  of  North  Dakota. 


The  First  Out-of-door  Stage  at  the  University  of  North  Dakota. 
"Twelfth  Night"    1910. 


Shakespeare's        TWELFTH  NIGHT         1910 


Sir  Andrew  Aguecheek 

Maria 

Sir  Toby  Belch 


Raymond  Craig 

Echo  Turner 

Lawrence  Fisher 


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EVERYMAN 


1911 


Everyman 
Good  Deeds 


Professor  F.  H.  Koch 
Myrtle  Helmer 


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An  Angel 
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Stanley  Kneeshaw 


The  Wife 
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